Acid Base Flashcards
What 3 things does H+ production depend on?
- Exercise intensity
- Amount of muscle mass involved
- Duration of exercise
Why does muscle pH decline more dramatically than blood pH?
Muscles are the source of the H+ ion production
How is H+ increased in Aerobic metabolism of glucose
Through carbonic acid
How is H+ increased in Anaerobic metabolism of glucose
Through Lactate
What is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation?
Carbon dioxide
What does glucose metabolism via glycolysis produce
Lactic acid
What are the 3 sources of H+ ions during Exercise
- Production of Carbon dioxide
- Production of Lactic acid
- ATP breakdown
What types of sports or exercises promote acid-base disturbances in skeletal muscle
high intensity exercises >45 seconds; Based on the effort
Why can increased H+ impair performance?
- By inhibiting enzymes in atp production
- Impair muscle contraction by competing with Ca2+ for binding sites on troponin
What buffer happens when pH is high?
Buffer donates H+ ions
What buffer happens when pH is low?
Buffer accepts H+ ions
What is the first line of defense against muscle pH shift during exercise?
Cellular buffer system
What classifies the cellular buffer systems
Transport of hydrogen ions out of the muscle
What is the second line of defense against blood pH shift during exercise
Blood buffer systems
What classifies the blood buffer systems
Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis
What are the 4 cellular buffer system and their role
Convert strong acids into weak acids: Bicarbonate; phosphates; proteins; carnosine
What are the 3 components of the blood buffer system
Bicarbonate, phosphates and proteins
What are the two major H+ transporters in the skeletal muscle
NHE and MCT
Which muscle fiber type has a comparative higher buffering capacity
Fast type 2 muscle fibers over slow type 1
How does high intensity exercise training improve muscle buffering capacity?
Through increases in carnosine and hydrogen ion transporters in the trained muscle fibers
elevated CO2 levels push the equilibrium to the ___ creating more ___ and ___ blood pH
Shifts to the right, increasing H+ and lowering pH
As pH decreases (becomes more ____), the respiratory center in the brain stem will be ___ causing ventilation to ___
Acidic, stimulated, increase
How does increasing ventilation change CO2 and PCO2 and H+
Increasing ventilation will increase CO2 expelled, decrease PCO2 and decrease H+ concentrations
How does decreasing ventilation change CO2 and PCO2 and H+
It will increase buildup of CO2 and increase PCO2 and H+ concentration
