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Exercise Physiology > Acid Base > Flashcards

Acid Base Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things does H+ production depend on?

A
  1. Exercise intensity
  2. Amount of muscle mass involved
  3. Duration of exercise
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2
Q

Why does muscle pH decline more dramatically than blood pH?

A

Muscles are the source of the H+ ion production

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3
Q

How is H+ increased in Aerobic metabolism of glucose

A

Through carbonic acid

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4
Q

How is H+ increased in Anaerobic metabolism of glucose

A

Through Lactate

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5
Q

What is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What does glucose metabolism via glycolysis produce

A

Lactic acid

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7
Q

What are the 3 sources of H+ ions during Exercise

A
  1. Production of Carbon dioxide
  2. Production of Lactic acid
  3. ATP breakdown
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8
Q

What types of sports or exercises promote acid-base disturbances in skeletal muscle

A

high intensity exercises >45 seconds; Based on the effort

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9
Q

Why can increased H+ impair performance?

A
  1. By inhibiting enzymes in atp production
  2. Impair muscle contraction by competing with Ca2+ for binding sites on troponin
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10
Q

What buffer happens when pH is high?

A

Buffer donates H+ ions

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11
Q

What buffer happens when pH is low?

A

Buffer accepts H+ ions

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12
Q

What is the first line of defense against muscle pH shift during exercise?

A

Cellular buffer system

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13
Q

What classifies the cellular buffer systems

A

Transport of hydrogen ions out of the muscle

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14
Q

What is the second line of defense against blood pH shift during exercise

A

Blood buffer systems

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15
Q

What classifies the blood buffer systems

A

Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

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16
Q

What are the 4 cellular buffer system and their role

A

Convert strong acids into weak acids: Bicarbonate; phosphates; proteins; carnosine

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17
Q

What are the 3 components of the blood buffer system

A

Bicarbonate, phosphates and proteins

18
Q

What are the two major H+ transporters in the skeletal muscle

A

NHE and MCT

19
Q

Which muscle fiber type has a comparative higher buffering capacity

A

Fast type 2 muscle fibers over slow type 1

20
Q

How does high intensity exercise training improve muscle buffering capacity?

A

Through increases in carnosine and hydrogen ion transporters in the trained muscle fibers

21
Q

elevated CO2 levels push the equilibrium to the ___ creating more ___ and ___ blood pH

A

Shifts to the right, increasing H+ and lowering pH

22
Q

As pH decreases (becomes more ____), the respiratory center in the brain stem will be ___ causing ventilation to ___

A

Acidic, stimulated, increase

23
Q

How does increasing ventilation change CO2 and PCO2 and H+

A

Increasing ventilation will increase CO2 expelled, decrease PCO2 and decrease H+ concentrations

24
Q

How does decreasing ventilation change CO2 and PCO2 and H+

A

It will increase buildup of CO2 and increase PCO2 and H+ concentration

25
Q

What is the ventilatory threshold caused by?

A

Increasing blood PCo2 and H+ as well as blood K+, body temp, catecholamines in the blood and neural influences

26
Q

McArdle’s patients and TVent

A

Although they don’t produce lactic acid, they still show tvent response during incremental exercise from CO2 production

27
Q

Arterial PO2 in untrained subjects during graded exercise

A

Maintained within 10-12 of resting value

28
Q

Arterial PCO2 in untrained subjects during graded exercise

A

Slightly decreases with maximal exercise

29
Q

Arterial pH in untrained subjects during graded exercise

A

Decreases with maximal exercise

30
Q

Ventilation in untrained subjects during graded exercise

A

Linear increase up to 50-75% VO2 max and then exponential rise

31
Q

Why does venous PO2 decrease during graded exercise?

A

Changes in hemoglobin confirmation. Lower pH so more H+ binding to HG; deliver more oxygen to the tissues due to increased a-v difference at higher intensity exercise therefore lower PO2

32
Q

Why does arterial pH decrease with maximal exercise?

A

Above lactate threshold so produce more H+ ions and buffering systems cannot keep up anymore. Run out of bicarbonate at high intensity

33
Q

Why does arterial PCO2 decrease with maximal exercise

A

Hyperventilation increases exhalation of CO2 and decrease amount of H+ ions

34
Q

Beta alanine

A

Precursor to carnosine. Supplementation can also improve short duration high intensity exercise

35
Q

What happens to Alveolar PCO2 and PO2 when hyperventilation

A

High PO2 and low PCO2

36
Q

How do the kidneys contribute to acid-base balance at rest

A

By regulation of blood bicarbonate concentration

37
Q

What happens to bicarbonate excretion when blood pH decreases

A

Bicarbonate excretion is reduced

38
Q

What happens to bicarbonate excretion when blood pH increases

A

Bicarbonate excretion is increased

39
Q

Why is the kidney not an important regulator of acid-base balance during exercise

A

Takes hours to process; reduce blood flow to the kidney during exercise

40
Q

How is lactate removed following exercise?

A

70 % is oxidized ands used by heart and skeletal muscle
20 % converted to glucose via the Cori cycle
10 % converted to amino acids

41
Q

How can lactic acid be removed more rapidly following strenuous exercise?

A

Light exercise in recover around 30-40 % VO2 max

42
Q

How does compression wear improve recovery

A

Aid in returning blood flow and lower blood lactate levels after exercise

Exercise Physiology (12 decks)

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