Accuracy of eyewitness testimony:misleading information

Question 1

what are leading questions?

Answer 1

a question which because of the way it is phrased suggests a certain answer

Question 2

what was loftus and palmers first experiment?

Answer 2

• 45 students were shown 7 films of different traffic accidents
• then given questions about the accident

Question 3

what was the critical question given to pps in experiment 1?

Answer 3

critical question (leading question) = pps were asked to describe how fast the cars were travelling 
*each group = was given a different verbs included in their questions

Question 4

what different verbs were used in the questions?

Answer 4

• smashed
• contacted
• collided
• bumped
• hit

Question 5

what was the mean estimated speed calculated for each pps group for SMASHED?

Answer 5

40.8

Question 6

what was the mean estimated speed calculated for each pps group for CONTACTED?

Answer 6

31.8

Question 7

What was loftus and palmers experiment 2?

Answer 7

• new set of pps= divided into 3 groups and shown a film of a car accident lasting 1 minute.
• pps were asked to return one week later = when they were asked a series of questions
• another critical questions = Did you see any broken glass (there was none)

Question 8

what was the findings of experiment 2?

Answer 8

leading questions = did change the actual memory of a participant had for the event

Question 9

what is response bias explanation?

Answer 9

suggests that the wording of the question has no real effect on the participants memories
*just influences how the decide to answer

Question 10

what is substitution explanation?

Answer 10

when the wording of a leading questions actually changes the pps memory of the film clip

Question 11

What is post event discussion?

Answer 11

A Conversation between co-witnesses and an eyewitness after a crime has taken place which may influence the accuracy of each witness’s recall of the
event
-contaminated

Question 12

what did Fiona Gabbert study?

Answer 12

• studied participants in pairs.
• each pp = watched the same crime but filmed from different points of views
• both pps discussed= what they had seen before individually completing a test

Question 13

what were the findings of Fiona Gabbert’s study?

Answer 13

• 71% of pps mistakenly recalled aspects of the event they had not seen but had picked up in discussion.
• control group-0% was mistakenly recalled

Question 14

what did Gabbert conclude?

Answer 14

Witnesses often go along with each other= to win each each others social approval or because they believe the other witnesses are right.