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Poging 2 cultureel > Acculturation > Flashcards

Acculturation Flashcards

1
Q

Acculturation

A

Comprehends those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact, with subsequent changes in the original cultural patterns of either or both groups
–> Changing a culture with another culture

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2
Q

10-item acculturation index

A
  1. respondent lived in town rather than in the countryside
  2. respondent had had military service experience
  3. respondent owned a TV set
  4. respondent reported a close Anglo friendship
  5. English was spoken as the main language in the respondents home of orientation
  6. English is spoken as the main language in the respondent’s present home
  7. respondent has membership in a formal group, club, or organization
  8. respondent had lived in two or more other communities
  9. respondent voted in the 1960 election
  10. respondent lived in a nuclear rather than extended family
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3
Q

Assesment of acculturation index

A

‘These changes can be conceptualized as an attempt, conscious or unconscious, on the part of the subordinate group to obtain through adoption of the dominant group’s culture social acceptance, respect. prestige, physical pleasure, and other benefits of full group membership and participation’

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4
Q

Who acculturate

A

The factors that play into it are mobility and voluntariness
- ethnoculural groups
- indigenent people
- immigrants and sojourners
- refugees and asylum seekers

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5
Q

Ethnocultural groups

A

Groups that voluntarily acculturate with new coming cultures

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6
Q

Indigenent people

A

Groups who do not want to acculturate with new cultures in their own area

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7
Q

Immigrants (permanent) and sojourners (temporary)

A

Groups who voluntarily acculturate and do so by moving to other cultural spaces

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8
Q

Refugees (permanent) and asylum seekers (temporary)

A

Groups who do not want to acculturate but have to move due to them seeking refugee etc.

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9
Q

Cultural maintenance

A

Maintaining characteristics of own (heritage) culture

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10
Q

Cultural adoption

A

Adopting characteristics of the culture of the (host) society of settlement

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11
Q

Unidimensional conceptualization of acculturation

A

Acculturation as a line from cultural maintenance to cultural adoption

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12
Q

What does the unidimensional conceptualization of acculturation imply

A
  • loss of heritage culture, oneway street (you only move toward adoption)
  • bicultural competence only as a transition
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13
Q

Bidimensionl conceptualization of acculturation

A

People can switch between their own and the new culture in different ways
- integration
- seperation
- assimilation
- marginalization

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14
Q

Integration of cultures

A

High amount of maintenace of own culture and high amounts of adaption to the new culture as well

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15
Q

Seperation of cultures

A

High amount of maintenance of own culture and low amounts of adaption to the new culture

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16
Q

Assimilation of cultures

A

Low amounts of maintenance of own culture and high amounts of adaption to the new culture

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17
Q

Marginalization of cultures

A

Low amounts of maintenance of own culture and low amounts of adaption to the new culture

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18
Q

Majority group acculturation orientations
- Interactive Acculturation Model IAM

A

Two dimensions that can lead to:
- integration
- assimilation
- segregation
- exclusion or individualism

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19
Q

Dimension 1 op IAM

A

Do you find it acceptable that immigrants maintain their cultural identity

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20
Q

Dimension 2 of IAM

A

Do you accept that immigrants adopt the cultural identity of the host community?

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21
Q

Integration of dimensions

A

Accept both the maintenance and adoption af culture in immigrants

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22
Q

Assimilation of the dimensions

A

Accepts the adoption of culture, but not the maintenance of own culture in immigrants

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23
Q

Segregation of the dimensions

A

Accepts the maintenance of own culture, but the adoption of the host culture in immigrants

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24
Q

Exclusion and individualism in the dimensions

A

Accepts neither the adoption or maintenance of either cultures in immigrants

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25
Fusion Model - LaFromboise
Answers the question of the possiblity of new cultures when two cultures meet --> It is possible - the combination of cultural maintenance and adoption can lead to new cultures
26
Domain specificity in acculturation
Originate from trait models --> people decide what their acculturational orientation is going to be in specific situations - superordinate level (public and private) - ordinate level (more specific life domains) - subordinate level (specific situations)
27
Acculturation framework
- Acculturation conditions - Acculturation orientations - Acculturation outcomes
28
Acculturation conditions
- Characteristics of the receiving society - Characteristics of the society of origin - Characteristics of the immigrant group - Personal characteristics
29
Acculturation orientations
- Cultural adoption - cultural maintenance
30
Acculturation outcomes
- psychological well-being - socio-cultural competence in majority culture - socio-cultural competence in ethnic culture
31
Assessment of acculturation
- one statement --> unidimensional - two statements --> bidimensional - four statements (4 based on 2) - Vignettes
32
One statement assessment of acculturation
You decide you current acculturation orientation based of one statement - efficient - limited
33
Two statement assessment of acculturation
You decide your current acculturation orientation based on two statements
34
Four statement assessment of acculturation
One item for each of the 4 acculuration orientations - double-barreled (complex and asks two things at the same time)
35
Vignette method of assessment of acculturation
Story on a specific acculturation orientation and participants indicate their level of agreement
36
Familial context to acculturation
- family dynamics influence the acculturation process - Often acculturation gap between parents and children - family cohesion - positive outcome for young people --> the way a family chooses to acculturate impacts individual acculturation
37
Family dynamics incfluence acculturation
- Family cultural practices and religion language and the parent's maintenance expecatation have a positive influence on the youth's own maintenance, which in turn has a positive incluence on psychological well being - Parent's adoption expectations have an positive influence on the youth's own adoption, which in turn has a positive influence on social functioning
38
Gap in acculturation leading to negative consequences
- Acculturation gap les negative consequences with open communication - depends also on father-adolescent communication
39
Acculturation context young people
School provides an important and influential context for acculturation - strong assimilation creates tension and can lead to separation while perceived social support multicultural policies, equal treatment facilitate integration, school achievement and beloging
40
Acculturation context adults
The work environment can similarly affect acculturation and adaption - culturally diverse organizations with multicultural policies and practives foster greater inclusiveness and achieve greater engagement
41
Policies of diversity and equality
- Multiculturalism - Colorblindness - Assimilationism
42
Multiculturalism
Acknowledge and value group membership and diversity
43
Colorblindness ethnicities
- Downplay differences - Emphasize individuals - Equal treatment individually
44
Assimilationism
- Majority as the norm - Minority adopts to the majority
45
Diversity and equality in general schools
For majorities lead to more achievement and more school belonging For minorities lead to less achievement and less school belonging
46
Diversity and equality in multicultural schools
The acculturation gap is more closed and that makes for an equal amount of belonging and more achievement in minorities as well
47
Diversity and equality in less colorblind schools
The acculturation gap is more closed and that makes for an equal amount of achievement and more school belonging in minorities as well
48
Diversity and equality in less assimilationist schools
The acculturation gap is more closed in school belonging, but changes nothing in achievement
49
Equal treatment on school performance
Equal treatment causes higher school engament and motivation which causes better performance
50
Majority ideologies of diversity and minority engagement
Multiculturalism in majorities causes more engagement with minorities. But colorblindness in majorities causes less engagement with minorities
51
Social context in diversities
- acceptance of diversity, acculturation expectations, and multicultural policies - Impact acculturation orientations - how acculturation relates to adaptive outcomes
52
Comparing identification patterns
- ethnic identification - national identification - religious identification - city identification
53
Identity conflict
The identification patterns are not in line with eachother --> ethno-religious with civic - for example a higher ethnic identification comes with a lower national identificaiton
54
Identity compatibility
The identification patterns align really well with eachother --> ethno-religious with civic - for example a higher ethnic identitiy comes with a higher national identity as well
55
Compartmentalized identity pattern
The ethno-religious identities (ethnic and religious) are unrelated to their civic identities (national and city)
56
Discrimination as an identity conflict
In different cities there are different levels of minority discrimination --> here there is also more identity confliction
57
Tridimensional Acculturation
Expatriate orientation is more important than both host and heritage culture orientation among international students
58
Remote Acculturation
Acculturation without being a migrant --> modern form of non-migrant acculturation via globalization - positive and negative health implications
59
Outcomes of remote acculturation - in Jamaica
- stronger European-American orientation - lower Jamaican orientation - lower family obligations - greater conflict with parents
60
Intervention program JUS (Jamaica and United States) media
- agressive advertising in Jamaica - Food-focused mdedi literacy programme with 7th graders and mothers, over 8 weeks - question food messages in media and advertising, especially US cable, eat smarter and healthier
61
Return migration
- 85% of the 1 million Greeks, who migrated to West Germany between 1960-1984, returned home - Every year 40.000 migrant of Turkish origin return to Turkey from Germany - between 2006 and 2011 more have migrated to Turkey than migrated to Germany
62
Types of Return Migration
- return of failure = immigrants cannot adapt and go back - return of conservatism = come to make money/other goals and then go back - return of retirement - return of innovation = form an agent for change in the home country
63
Outcomes of return migration
- pre-remigration perception: nostalgia and frozen culture - almanci stigmatization (German-like) - Generational differences: younger --> 2nd generation - Reacculturation: acculturation orientation in former host society relevant

Poging 2 cultureel (12 decks)

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