Acanthophterygii Flashcards

Question

Percidae

Answer 1

Perch, FW Northern Hemisphere, predators walleye

Answer 2

Big eye Nocturnal, large eye Predatory, reef fish, bright red mouth brooders Visceral bioluminescence -- gut bacteria

Answer 3

Remoras modified dorsal fin for attachment tropical, no swim bladder Indigenous use remora to catch sea turtle

Answer 4

Mahi mahi Bony head crest open ocean predator (flying fish) high growth, high speed collapse dorsal fin to reduce drag, only really use to steer

Answer 5

Jacks, trevally, pompanos Usually coral reefs up to 2m Predators, small cycloids, fast swimming, lethal shark ramming Swim physically in contact w other fishes Schooling Laterally compressed

Answer 6

Snappers, symmetrical triangular head coral reef generalist, major commercial fishery deep body, may be spined

Answer 7

Grunts coral reef, schooling, invertebrate forager nocturnal, noisy vocalize with enlarged pharyngeal jaws and swim bladder

Answer 8

Red drum tropical warm temperate bottom feeders FW major commercial multi-chambered swim bladder for sound production using sonic muscles Sexually dimorphic sounds

Answer 9

Sheepshead, porgies Coral reef sub tropical enlarged pharyngeal jaws for crushing molluscs

Answer 10

Goatfish schooling, prehensile chin barbel Bottom feeder

Answer 11

Archer fish shallow surface water, FW asia reverse buccal pumping to squirt water optical corrections

Answer 12

butterfly fish abundant coral reef laterally compressed rounded square tail, never forked tiny brush-like teeth zooplankton and coral diet

Answer 13

angelfish coral reef spine on corner of operculum laterally compressed lunate tail live coral and sponge diet

Answer 14

cichlids FW temperature, tropical brackish, central and south America, Africa Diversification in body shape, pharyngeal jaws species flocks in African lakes complex courtship, buccal fertilization, female mouth brooding Catfish lay eggs, taken up by cichlids and consume babies in mouth

Answer 15

Epilithic algae feeders -- scrapers, combers Periphyton algae feeders Leaf choppers Mollusc shell crushing Invertebrate picker zooplankton feeder scale eaters -- side dependent Fin choppers Piscivores Egg/Larval feeders

Answer 16

Surf perch North Pacific coasts zooplankton and invertebrates viviparous, embryos in uterus like sacs in ovary Territorial, small zooplankton

Answer 17

damselfish coral reef fishes 3 Types Gardeners of algae -- incisors for clipping Schooling planktivores -- conical teeth, forked tails Anemone fish -- protective mucous

Answer 18

Broadcast spawning sweeps them far out to open ocean and then eventually back to shore 6 months later They locate their birth reef by the sound of the reef Have ingrained soundscape on their reef Fall very near their home

Answer 19

Wrasse coral reef, wide caudal peduncel 2nd largest perciform family hardshell invertebrate diet solid body pectoral fins for swimming cycloid scales hermaphrodites -- social rank overharvesting of humphead wrasses lead to increase in seastar that ate reef

Answer 20

Specialized for cleaning others mouths and wound repair Ossiliting dance to tell clients that they will clean maintain health of reef -- may be keystone species, drives diversity Species will choose reefs on if they have cleaners

Answer 21

Parrotfish Tropical reed fish, herbivorous, hermaphrodite Large color difference, ontongencic change teeth fused into parrot bill break chunks of coral 90% of day excavating coral 1000kg/year individual mucous bubble at night -- anti predation 10% produce bubble at night

Answer 22

wolf eel body naked, no pelvics, large canines, large molars feed on urchins, crab, molluscs convergent on moray eels North pacific

Answer 23

flying gunard coral reefs vocalize, slow moving, buried invert diet high dexterity of anterior pectoral rays

Answer 24

Cod icefish major fish of antarctic, predatory, demersal absent swim bladder, neutral buoyancy reduced ossification and lateral line glycoproteins for antifreeze genetic sex determination under the ice, environmental sex determination not under the ice

Answer 25

Chilean bass large, slow growing, major food for antarctic birds major collapse after 2 years of fishing -- white gold 16% fat

Answer 26

Sandlance no pelvics or swim bladder diurnal schooling, plankton feeder, bury in sand overnight highest length to depth ratio 10:1 major food source ecologically reproduce in gravel North Pacific North Atlantic

Answer 27

Combtooth blennies blunt head, eyes ventral close associations with other fish mimic cleaner wrasse, but predatory (fang and saber tooth blennies) shallow N Atlantic and tropics

Answer 28

Clingfish tadpole shape, intertidal modified pelvic fin, ventral sucker, naked, no swim bladder Parental care North Pacific (BC)

Answer 29

Gobies small bottom dwellers, shallow marine or FW blunt head, dorsal protruding eyes, no swim bladder, no lateral line 2nd largest family pelvic fin sucker

Answer 30

Mudskipper Tropical related to gobies intertidal amphibious vascularized buccopharynx Climb mangroves

Answer 31

Surgeonfish coral reef, herbivorous, schooling, large swim bladder Kinfelike scales on caudal peduncle tail protrudes from coral crevices at night to protect them

Answer 32

Moorish idol convergent on butterfly fish, related to surgeon fish Coral reef, indo-pacific opportunistic feeders, prefer coral polyps/benthic inverts

Answer 33

Barracuda 2m, top-level predator tropical shallow waters convergent with pike widely spaced dorsal fins, no gill rakers biomagnify ciguatera toxins present in lower taxa

Answer 34

Tuna, mackerel 2 dorsal fins tiny cycloid scales dorsal-ventral symmetry thin peduncle swim bladder reduced, absent high speed, epipelagic dive 1000m depth partial endothermy of eye and brain from ocular muscle

Answer 35

Swordfish, sailfish high speed marine predators on tuna highly forked tail great longitudinal tendon for caudal ossicilation bill is enlarged premaxilla, long dorsal, reduced pelvics

Answer 36

Snakehead top level FW predators, asia and Africa labyrinthine breathing organ hours out of water convergent body shape with bowfin

Answer 37

flatfish, sole, halibut laterally compressed asymmetric body pigmented on one side larvae look like average fish higher growth rate of sub orbital bones on one side, migrates both eyes to same side marine continental shelf

Answer 38

Lefteye flounder Both eyes on left side -- migrate right to left

Answer 39

Halibut Predatory both eyes on right side up to 2.5 m, intertidal to 1100m

Answer 40

In japan the population is all left facing As you move north through the Alutians and into BC their are a few right facing Around Bamfield and California they are around 50/50 right and left side facing

Answer 41

It has a shorter optic nerve so it is often used for predator detection

Answer 42

Porcupine, puffer, mola mola most dervied major fusion and loss of skull bones as few as 16 vertebra Front teeth fused as beak coughing behaviour -- buccal pump inflation and tetrodotoxin

Answer 43

Trigger fish Has trigger spine that is locked in place when extended

Answer 44

Boxfish stiff armour body makes it difficult to eat

Answer 45

Porcupine fish inflation and spines with neurotoxin

Answer 46

Pufferfish Limited inflations (<10) Territorial displays smallest vertebrate genome, loss of introns poison in flesh from the bacteria in the diet 1200x more toxic than Potassium cyanide

Answer 47

Sunfish bask on the surface, no pelvic, no caudal, 1500 kg leathery skin no swim bladder, neutral buoyancy Secondarily cartilaginous Epipelagic and mesopelagic Deep daily dives, then bask at surface R-strategy (millions of eggs) eat jellyfish and leptocephalus larvae Fast growth rate, lots of ectoparasites (might be why they bask)

Answer 48

Pricklebacks and gunnels intertidal, subtidal, usually <10cm ‘eel-like’ bottom dwellers, under rocks, in cavities -primarily North Pacific -Planktivores low tide adaptations?? -- hold water in buccal cavity

Answer 49

filefish partial ability to inflate poster colouration -- unlikely on the color habitat they blend in well