Acalazia Flashcards

1
Q

Care sunt elementele principale în acalazie?

A
  • hipertonia SEI
  • absența relaxării în deglutiție
  • absența undelor peristaltice în 2/3 inferioare ale esofagului
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2
Q

Ce nu se produce in acalazie?

A

relaxarea SEI in timpul deglutitiei

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3
Q

Care sunt factorii acalaziei?

A
  • genetici
  • emotii, stres
  • boala Chagas
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4
Q

tablou clinic acalazie

A
  • disfagie
  • odinofagie
  • singultus
  • regurgitare
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5
Q

investigatii paraclinice acalazie

A
  • endoscopie
  • examen baritat esofagian
  • manometria
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6
Q

DD acalazie

A

neoplasm esofagian
stenoza esofagiana
esofagul hiperperistaltic

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7
Q

Cum arata esofagul hiperperistaltic?

A

in cleste de spart nuci/nutcracker

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8
Q

Cum arata acalazia la endoscopie?

A

esofag mult dilatat cu resuri alimentare si saliva abundenta dar in general fara leziuni ale mucoasei

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9
Q

De cate feluri este tratamentul acalaziei?

A

medicamentos
endoscopic
chirurgical

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10
Q

descrie tx medicamentos acalazie

A

preparate care scad presiunea in SEI

  • nitrati
  • nitriti
  • blocanti de calciu
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11
Q

exemple de blocanti de calciu

A

nifedipina
verapamil
diltiazem

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12
Q

descrie tx endoscopic acalazie

A
  • dilatarea cu balonas gonflabil
  • injectarea endoscopica de anatoxina botulinica inactivata
  • POEM
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13
Q

Ce este POEM?

A

miotomia endoscopica perorala

=sectionarea fibrelor musculare circulare esofagiene de la nivelul esofagului inferior, cardial si 2-3 cm subcardial

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14
Q

descrie tx chirurgical acalazie

A

cardiomiotomia Heller a SEI

=sectiunea longitudinala a fibrelor circulare

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