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Pathophysiology > Abnormalities in Immune Response > Flashcards

Abnormalities in Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

hypersensitivity

A

immunologic reaction to antigen that causes damage to the host

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2
Q

two systems of classification

A

antigen source

mechanism of reaction

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3
Q

allergy

A

environmental antigens

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4
Q

autoimmunity

A

self-antigens

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5
Q

alloimmunity

A

another person’s antigens (ie. blood transfusions, transplants)

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6
Q

Type I mechanism of reaction

A

involves IgE & mast cells (hay fever)

“IgE Mediated”

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7
Q

Type II mechanism of reaction

A

involves IgG, IgM, and macrophages (graves disease, autoimmune)
“Tissue Specific Hypersensitivity”

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8
Q

Type III mechanism of reaction

A

IgG, IgM, and neutrophils (Lupus)

“Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity”

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9
Q

Type IV mechanism of reaction

A

lymphocytes and macrophages (poison ivy, metals)

“Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity”

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10
Q

process of Type I mechanism of reaction

A

exposure to antigen causes increased IgE

IgE attaches to a receptor on mast cells, causing them to degranulate (histamine released)

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11
Q

process of Type II mechanism of rxn

A

IgG and/or IgM attaches to antigen which attaches to cells of tissue –> cascade of macrophage acitvity –> continued production of antibodies that attack involved tissue

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12
Q

process of Type III mechanism of rxn

A

immune complexes are formed in blood plasma and deposit in tissue; tissue is harmed by enzymes released by WBCs

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13
Q

process of Type IV mechanism of rxn

A

mediated by T-cells
tissue destruction occurs due to enzymes and free radicals released from T cells and macrophages
eg. TB test

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14
Q

immune deficiency

A

failure of immune system to function at normal level resulting in greater susceptibility to infection

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15
Q

primary deficiency

A 
congenital or genetic problems
Several types:
B-Cell deficiency
T-Cell "
Combined B- and T- Cells"
complement "
phagocyte "
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16
Q

secondary deficiency

A

caused by illness or by normal physiologic processes (pregnancy, aging, infancy)
more common

17
Q

signs of immunodeficiency in adults

A

2-4 infections/yrs

18
Q

signs of immunodeficiency in children

A

6-12 infections/year

19
Q

Tx for primary deficiencies

A

Gamma Globulin Therapy
Transplantation/Transfusion
Soluble immune modulators
gene therapy

20
Q

retrovirus

A

a virus with mRNA as its genome enters a cell and uses reverse transcriptionase to produce DNA that incorporates into the host cell

21
Q

Examples of Type I

A

bee sting allergy

H1 receptors

22
Q

Examples of Type II

A

Type I Diabetes
rheumatoid arthritis
MS
glomerulonephritis

23
Q

Exmples of Type III

A

serum sickness (getting wrong blood transfusion)
Raynaud’s Disease
Lupus Erythematosus

24
Q

Examples of Type IV

A

tissue graft rejection
contact dermatitis (poison ivy)
TB skin testing

Pathophysiology (19 decks)

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