Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Linea semilunares
CT along the lateral borders of rectus abdominis; extends from 9th costal cartilage to the pubic tubercle
Linea Alba
Tendinous raphe extending along the midline of the abdomen from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis; formed by fusion of the anterolateral abdominal muscles
Linea transversae
CT within rectus abdominis muscles; produces “washboard” appearance and allows control over the degree of flexion of the abdomen
Structures of Right Upper Quadrant
Stomach, duodenum, pylorus
Ascending colon, transverse colon
Liver, right lobe
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Contents of Left Upper Quadrant
Stomach, jejunum, ileum
Transverse colon, descending colon
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas (body)
Contents of Right Lower Quadrant
Illeum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon
Spermatic cord, ureter
Contents of left lower quadrant
Descending colon, ureter, spermatic cord
McBurney’s Point
Found in the umbilical region, 1/3 of the way up from the right ASIS and umbilicus
*Pain in this region is linked to acute appendicitis
Acute cholecystitis pain region
Right hypochondral region
Layers of abdominal wall pierced by puncture wound
- Skin
- Superficial fascia (Camper’s and Scarpa’s)
- Deep investing fascia covering muscles
(3b. ) Linea alba (if a midline puncture) - Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat
- Parietal peritoneum
Camper’s Fascia
Contains superficial epigastric vessels and continues as superficial fascia of thigh
*Females=extends into labia majora
Males=Replaced by dartos muscle
Scarpa’s Fascia
Deeper layer of superficial fascia that continues in the perineum and scrotum as Colle’s Fascia
External Oblique
O-Ribs 5-12
I-Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
*Forms inguinal ligament anteriorly
X- Flex/rotate trunk; compress and support abdominal viscera
N- T7-T11; T12
Internal Oblique
O- Thoracocolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament
I- Ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis (via conjoint tendon)
X- Flex/rotate trunk; compress and support abdominal viscera
N-T7-T11, T12, L1
Transversus abdominis
O-Thoracocolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 7-12, inguinal ligament
I- linea alba, pubic crest (via conjoint tendon)
X- Flex/rotate trunk; compress and support abdominal viscera
N-T7-T11, T12, L1
Rectus abdominis
O- Pubic symphysis and crest
I- Xiphoid process and ribs 5-7
X-Flex trunk and compresses abdominal viscera
N- T7-T11
Pyramidalis
O-Anterior surface of pubis
I- Linea alba below umbilicus
X- Tenses linea alba
N-T12, L1
*Not always present
Cremaster muscle
O-Inguinal ligament (continuation of I.O.)
I-Tubercle and crest of pubis
X- Elevates testes by decreasing surface area
N- L1, L2 via genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Arcuate line
Change in fascia contributing to the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath containing the epigastric vessels and terminal ends of nerves; occurs below the umbilicus midway to the pubis
Rectus sheath
Superior to arcuate line: Anterior= E.O. and 1/2 of I.O. aponeurosis
Posterior= 1/2 I.O. and Transversus abdominus aponeurosis
Inferior to arcuate line: Anterior: E.O., I.O. and Transversus abdominus aponeurosis
Posterior: None
Abdominal Wall Nerves
All stem from the ventral rami of spinal nerves
Toracoabdominal: T7-T11
Subcostal: T12
Iliohypogastric: L1
Ilioinguinal: L1
Superior Epigastric Artery
Stems from the internal thoracic and supplies the upper rectus abdominis and wall
*Anastomoses w/ inferior epigastric
Umbilical Region innervation
T10
Musculophrenic Artery
Stems from the internal thoracic and supplies the anterior diaphragm and intercostal spaces 7-10
