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S&F IV: Exam One > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

0
Q

Linea semilunares

A

CT along the lateral borders of rectus abdominis; extends from 9th costal cartilage to the pubic tubercle

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1
Q

Linea Alba

A

Tendinous raphe extending along the midline of the abdomen from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis; formed by fusion of the anterolateral abdominal muscles

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2
Q

Linea transversae

A

CT within rectus abdominis muscles; produces “washboard” appearance and allows control over the degree of flexion of the abdomen

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3
Q

Structures of Right Upper Quadrant

A

Stomach, duodenum, pylorus

Ascending colon, transverse colon

Liver, right lobe

Gallbladder

Pancreas

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4
Q

Contents of Left Upper Quadrant

A

Stomach, jejunum, ileum

Transverse colon, descending colon

Liver

Spleen

Pancreas (body)

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5
Q

Contents of Right Lower Quadrant

A

Illeum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon

Spermatic cord, ureter

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6
Q

Contents of left lower quadrant

A

Descending colon, ureter, spermatic cord

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7
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

Found in the umbilical region, 1/3 of the way up from the right ASIS and umbilicus

*Pain in this region is linked to acute appendicitis

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8
Q

Acute cholecystitis pain region

A

Right hypochondral region

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9
Q

Layers of abdominal wall pierced by puncture wound

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia (Camper’s and Scarpa’s)
  3. Deep investing fascia covering muscles
    (3b. ) Linea alba (if a midline puncture)
  4. Transversalis fascia
  5. Extraperitoneal fat
  6. Parietal peritoneum
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10
Q

Camper’s Fascia

A

Contains superficial epigastric vessels and continues as superficial fascia of thigh

*Females=extends into labia majora
Males=Replaced by dartos muscle

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11
Q

Scarpa’s Fascia

A

Deeper layer of superficial fascia that continues in the perineum and scrotum as Colle’s Fascia

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12
Q

External Oblique

A

O-Ribs 5-12

I-Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
*Forms inguinal ligament anteriorly

X- Flex/rotate trunk; compress and support abdominal viscera

N- T7-T11; T12

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13
Q

Internal Oblique

A

O- Thoracocolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament

I- Ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis (via conjoint tendon)

X- Flex/rotate trunk; compress and support abdominal viscera

N-T7-T11, T12, L1

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14
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

O-Thoracocolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 7-12, inguinal ligament

I- linea alba, pubic crest (via conjoint tendon)

X- Flex/rotate trunk; compress and support abdominal viscera

N-T7-T11, T12, L1

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15
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

O- Pubic symphysis and crest

I- Xiphoid process and ribs 5-7

X-Flex trunk and compresses abdominal viscera

N- T7-T11

16
Q

Pyramidalis

A

O-Anterior surface of pubis

I- Linea alba below umbilicus

X- Tenses linea alba

N-T12, L1

*Not always present

17
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

O-Inguinal ligament (continuation of I.O.)

I-Tubercle and crest of pubis

X- Elevates testes by decreasing surface area

N- L1, L2 via genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

18
Q

Arcuate line

A

Change in fascia contributing to the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath containing the epigastric vessels and terminal ends of nerves; occurs below the umbilicus midway to the pubis

19
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Superior to arcuate line: Anterior= E.O. and 1/2 of I.O. aponeurosis
Posterior= 1/2 I.O. and Transversus abdominus aponeurosis

Inferior to arcuate line: Anterior: E.O., I.O. and Transversus abdominus aponeurosis

                                 Posterior: None
20
Q

Abdominal Wall Nerves

A

All stem from the ventral rami of spinal nerves

Toracoabdominal: T7-T11

Subcostal: T12

Iliohypogastric: L1

Ilioinguinal: L1

21
Q

Superior Epigastric Artery

A

Stems from the internal thoracic and supplies the upper rectus abdominis and wall

*Anastomoses w/ inferior epigastric

22
Q

Umbilical Region innervation

A

T10

23
Q

Musculophrenic Artery

A

Stems from the internal thoracic and supplies the anterior diaphragm and intercostal spaces 7-10

24
Q

Posterior Intercostal Artery

A

Stems from the descending aorta and supplies the intercostal muscles, spinal cord, and skin overlying the intercostals

25
Q

Superficial epigastric artery

A

Stems from the femoral artery and supplies the superficial skin of the lower abdomen

26
Q

Superficial circumflex artery

A

Stems from the femoral and supplies the superficial fascia of the abdomen and the thigh

27
Q

Deep circumflex illiac artery

A

Stems from the external illiac and supplies the illiacus muscle and the inner abdominal wall

28
Q

Inferior epigastric artery

A

Stems from the external illiac and supplies the lower rectus abodminis and abdominal wall

*Anastomes w/ superior epigastric artery

29
Q

Cremasteric Artery

A

Stems from the inferior epigastric and supplies the cremaster muscle and the coverings of the spermatic cord

30
Q

Median umbilical fold

A

Connects the obliterated urachus/allantoic duct

31
Q

Medial umbilical folds

A

Contains the oblieterated umbilical arteries

32
Q

Lateral umiblical folds

A

Contains the inferior epigastric vessels

*Will bleed out if lacerated

33
Q

Caput Medusae

A

Varicose veins caused by cirrhosis, hepatitis, or portal hypertension

*Superficial epigastric and paraumbilical veins are dilated

34
Q

Aortic Coarction

A

Narrowing of the aorta that occurs at the site of the ductus arteriosus

*Lower body still receives blood via the epigastric anastomoses

35
Q

Hydrocele

A

Collection of fluid in the testes due to persistent processus vaginalis

*Cannula pierces Skin, dartos muscle, Colle’s fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle/fascia, internal spermatic fascia, and parietal layer of tunica vaginalis to drain

36
Q

Tunica albugina

A

Layer that covers the balls; lies immediately deep to the visceral tunica vaginalis

37
Q

Spigelian Hernia

A

Weakness along the linea semilunares that occurs @ ~arcuate line where the rectus abdominus is in direct contact w/ the transversalis fascia

*Occurs in obese people >40

38
Q

Most common cause of monogenic obesity

A

MCR-4 mutation

S&F IV: Exam One (20 decks)

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