Abdominal Viscera

Question 0

Midgut Organs

Answer 0

Lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

*Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

Question 1

Foregut Organs

Answer 1

Esophagus, stomach, upper duodenum, pancreas, gall bladder, liver

*All supplied by the celiac trunk

Question 2

Hindgut Organs

Answer 2

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, superior rectum

*Supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 3

Entry point of esophagus into abdominal cavity

Answer 3

T10

Question 4

Stomach regions

Answer 4

1. Cardia
2. Fundus-filled w/ air; radiological landmark
3. Body
4. Pylorus- includes angular notch, antrum, canal, and sphincter
   * Intraperitoneal

Question 5

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla of Vater

Answer 5

Receives the common bile duct and main pancreatic ducts to enter the duodenum; enters at the major duodenal papilla of Vater

Question 6

Major Duodenal Papilla of VAter

Answer 6

Marks the jnxn b/w the foregut and midgut

Question 7

Jejunum

Answer 7

Has a thick diameter

Long, few vasa recta

Large windows

Little assoc. fat

Question 8

Ileum

Answer 8

Small, thin wals

Many vasa recta

Numerous, short windows

Few, small plicae circulares

Covered in fat

Question 9

Retroperitoneal parts of the colon

Answer 9

Ascending and descending

*Everything else is intraperitoneal including the appendix

Question 10

Teniae coli

Answer 10

Longitudinal muscle bands along the center of the colon

Question 11

Haustra

Answer 11

Sacculations of colon produced by the colon

Question 12

Epiploic appendices

Answer 12

Peritoneum-covered pouches of fat along the teniae

Question 13

Spleen

Answer 13

Located in the left hypochondral region, is intraperitoneal, posterior to the stomach, and medial to the left kidney

*Connected to the gastrosplenic ligament and the splenorenal ligament

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

Main pancreatic duct drains into the hepatopancreatic ampulla and the accessory pancreatic duct drains the small head into the minor duodenal papilla

*Retroperitoneal structure

Question 15

Liver

Answer 15

Intraperitoneal organ found in the right hypochondral and epigastric egions

*Attached to peritoneum by the coronary and faliciform ligments (contains ligamentum teres)

Question 16

Obliterated Umbilical Vein

Answer 16

Ligamentum teres hepatis; part of the faliciform ligament connecting the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 17

Obliterated ductus venosus

Answer 17

Ligamentum venosum; connected the umbilical vein to the IVC

Question 18

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 18

Connects the duodenum and liver in the lesser omentum and contains the portal triad

Question 19

Gall Bladder

Answer 19

Located @ the 9th costal cartilage and lateral border of the R. rectus abdominus; intraperitoneal structure

Question 20

Cystohepatic triangle of Calot

Answer 20

Formed by the visceral surface of the liver(superiorly), the cystic duct (inferiorly), and the common hepatic duct(medially)

*Contains the cystic artery; enlarged during cholecystitis

Question 21

Drainage of cystic-biliary ducts

Answer 21

Bile produced by the liver travels down thru the R/L hepatic duct, thru the common bile duct, and finally thru the cystic duct to be stored in the gall bladder

=>Gall bladder empties into the cystic duct and drains to the bile duct which meets up w/ the main pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

Question 22

Fractured ribs

Answer 22

Can lead to a ruptured spleen

Question 23

Volvulus

Answer 23

Abnormal twisting of the intestines that can cause intestinal obstruction and interrupted blood supply

Question 24

Transpyloric Plane

Answer 24

Lies b/w the xiphoid process and umbilicus @ Level L1

*Passes thru the pylorus of the stomach, duodenojejunal jnxn, hila of the kidneys, and tips of the 9th costal cartilage

Question 25

Suspensory Muscle of the Duodenum

Answer 25

Secures duodenum to the diaphragm; maintains the C-shape of the duodenum

Question 26

Vermiform Appendix

Answer 26

Is usually retrocecal (behind the colon); base lies deep to McBurney’s point
*Intraperitoneal

Question 27

Illeal Diverticulum of Meckel

Answer 27

Congenital remnant of the yolk sac that can be a site of inflammation/infxn

Rule of 2s: 2% have it
Within 2 feet of iliocecal valve
~2 inches in length
Presents within first 2 years
Can contain 2 tissue types (gastric/pancreatic)

Question 28

Unicinate Process of Pancreas

Answer 28

Only part superior to the superior mesenteric vessels; can easily compress then if a mass is present

Question 29

Obstructive jaundice

Answer 29

Blockage of the bile ducts causing jaundice

*Often how pancreatic cancers are detected

Question 30

Situs inversus

Answer 30

Rare left-right flipping of the orientation of the abdominal viscera