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*First Aid in Brainscape* > AAW - Behavioral > Flashcards

AAW - Behavioral Flashcards

1
Q

berkson bias

A

a study looking at only inpatients

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2
Q

example of measurement bias

A

Hawthorne effect — groups
who know they’re being
studied behave differently
than they would otherwise

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3
Q

example of observer-expectancy bias

A

aka self-fulfilling prophecy

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4
Q

confounding bias

A 
Pulmonary disease is more
common in coal workers
than the general population;
however, people who work in
coal mines also smoke more
frequently than the general
population
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5
Q

lead time bias

A

Early detection makes it seem as
though survival has increased,
but the natural history of the
disease has not changed

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6
Q

type 1 vs type two error

A

1 - you saw a difference that did not exist

2 - you were blind to a difference that exists

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7
Q

coprolalia

A

involuntary obscene speech seen in 10-20% of tourettes patiets

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8
Q

what is it called if a kid uses his anger towards his father to do well is sports

A

sublimation

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9
Q

rett disorder

A

X-linked disorder seen almost exclusively in girls (affected males die in utero or shortly after birth).
Symptoms usually become apparent around ages 1–4, including regression characterized by
loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, intellectual disability, ataxia, and stereotyped handwringing.

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10
Q

less dopamine,
more 5-HT,
more ACh

A

parkinsons

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11
Q

more norepinephrine,

less GABA, less 5-HT

A

Anxiety

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12
Q

less GABA,
less ACh,
more dopamine

A

huntingtons

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13
Q

what neurotransmitter changes are seen in alzheimers

A

decrease in ACh

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14
Q

what neurotransmitter changes are seen in schizophrenia

A

increased dopamine

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15
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

only lasting 1-6 months

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16
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

at least 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms, plus a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode

2 subtypes: bipolar or depressive

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17
Q

new name for multile personality disorder

A

dissociative identity disorder

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18
Q

hypomanic episode

A

not the lack of mania,

the mania just is less severe and doesn’t have any psychotic features

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19
Q

three treatments for bipolar disorder

A

lituim, valproic acid, carbamazepine

mood stabilizers

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20
Q

if a clinician is asking a patient if they have repeated nighttime awakenings, and early morning awakenings what psychiatric disorder may they be screening for

A

depression

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21
Q

agoraphobia

A

exaggerated fear of open or enclosed places, using public transportation, being in
line or in crowds, or leaving home alone.

22
Q

somatoform disorders i.e. somatic symptom disorder

A

unexplained symptoms or complaints with no conscious attempt to deceive

23
Q

factitious disorders

A

unexplained symptoms or complaints with a conscious attempt to deceive. Chief goal is psychological gain

e.g. munchausen, munchausen by proxy

24
Q

malingering

A

unexplained symptoms or complaints with a conscious attempt to attain a secondary gain (avoiding work, etc.)

25
Q

personality disorders A, B, and C

A

Weird
Wild
Worried

26
Q

transvestism

A

paraphilia, not gener dysphoria

wearing cloths (like a VEST) of the opposite sex

27
Q

hormone changes in narcolepsy

A

decreased orexin production in lateral hypothalamus

28
Q

cataplexy

A

loss of all muscle tone following a strong emotional stimulus

seen in some narcoleptic patients

29
Q

modafinil

A

wakefulness promoting agent used for narcolepsy

30
Q

depressant drug that can cause cardiovascular collapse in withdrawl

A

barbiturates

31
Q

varenicline

A

a treatment for nicotine dependancy

32
Q

one of the most useful conclusions from a randomized control study is

A

the number of patients that must be gives a new therapy to achieve the desired outcome in one patient

aka NNT

33
Q

bipolar I vs II

A

I - presence of depression with mixed or manic episodes (can be only one episode) characterized by grandiosity, decreased sleep, increased rate of speech, etc.

II - at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode with a Hx of depression NO MIXED OR MANIC EPISODES

34
Q

how do you decrease type II error in studies

A

increase the statistical power

(power = 1-beta)

increase by increasing sample size, increase expected effect size, increase precision of measurement

35
Q

if a bunch of people drop out half way through a trial and the researcher does not include them in the data, what kind of bias is this?

A

selection bias

36
Q

normal aging is associated with decrease in this neurotransmitter

A

ACh

causes less deep wave and REM sleep

37
Q

equation for calculating odds ratio

A

(a/c)/(B/D)

38
Q

SE of TCAs

A

3Cs: Coma, Convulsions, Cardiotox

mech is inhibiting he reuptake of norepi and serotonin

39
Q

name for an involuntary loss of function (can’t move legs) in response to an unconcious conflict

A

conversion disorder

40
Q

patient presents with agitation, fever, and horizontal and vertical nystagmus

what drug?

A

PCP, phencyclidine

41
Q

first line Tx for PTSD

A

SSRI

42
Q

name for a milder form of bipolar II that lasts at least two years and have have multiple fluctuating episodes

A

Cyclothymic disorder

43
Q

schizophrenia is assc with theses neurotransmitter changes

A

increased dopamine

use antipsychotics to treat (block D2 receptors)

44
Q

Tx for tourette’s

A

antipsychotics

45
Q

tuberous sclerosis is assc with what common behavioral disorder

A

autism

46
Q

how long does adjustment disorder usually last?

A

~3 months

47
Q

when do kids usually start to babble

A

6 months

48
Q

sampling vs selection bias

A

sampling bias: when you take a group of people not representative of the population of interest. occurs before the trial

selection: when people that are brought into the trial are assigned to different groups non-randomly (e.g. they can choose their own group). Occurs after sampling

49
Q

what is it called when feelings toward someone formative or important in a doctor’s life are projected onto a patient

A

countertransference

50
Q

measuring relative risk

what study

A

cohort

51
Q

measuring odds ratio

what study

A

odds-ratio

case-control

*First Aid in Brainscape* (37 decks)

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