A9 - Muscles of glute and thigh Flashcards
What muscles are in the superficial layer of gluteal muscles?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia latae
What innervates and supplies blood to the superficial gluteal layer?
Innervation = superior gluteal nerve to all apart from gluteus maximus, which is inferior gluteal nerve
Blood: internal iliac artery
What is the action of the superficial gluteal muscles?
Gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae: abduction and medial rotation
Gluteus maximus: extension and lateral rotation
What muscles are in the deep gluteal layer?
Think ‘PGOGQ’
- Piriformis
- Superior gemelli
- Obturator internus
- Inferior gemelli
- Quadratus femoris
What arteries supply blood to the deep gluteal layer?
Internal pudendal and obturator arteries
What are the muscles of the deep gluteal layer innervated by?
Nerve to piriformis = piriformis
Nerve to obturator internus = SG and OI
Nerve to quadratus femoris = QF and IG
What is the action of the muscles in the deep gluteal layer?
ALL laterally rotate the leg at hip:
- Piriformis, SG, IG and obturator internus = lateral rotation and abduction
- Quadratus femoris = lateral rotation
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Quadriceps femoris = rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliopsoas = iliacus and psoas major
What is the action of the quadriceps femoris?
All extend the knee, the rectus femoris also flexes the thigh at hip
What’s the action of the iliopsoas?
Flexes hip
What’s the action of the pectineus?
Adduction
Flexor at hip
What’s the action of the sartorius?
Hip flexion, knee flexion, lateral rotation
(think about sitting cross-legged, what actions are needed)
What is the innervation and arterial supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Innervation= femoral nerve (pectineus also receives some from obturator)
Artery= femoral artery
What muscles are within the medial compartment of the thigh?
- Gracilis
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus (hamstring and adductor)
- Obturator externus
What is the action of the adductor longus, brevis and magnus?
Adductor brevis and longus= adduct thigh
Hamstring part of AM = adducts & flexes thigh
Adductor part of AM = adducts & extends thigh
What is the action of gracilis and obturator externus?
Gracilis: adductor, flexes leg at knee
Obturator externus: adduction, lateral rotation of thigh
What is the innervation and blood supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve (except hamstring portion of AM = sciatic nerve)
Obturator artery
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
What is the action of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
ALL: flex leg at knee and extend leg at hip
Biceps femoris: also laterally rotates at hip and knee
Semitendinosus + semimembranosus: also medially rotates at hip and knee
What is the innervation and blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?
Innervation: sciatic (L4-S3)
Arterial: profunda femoris (deep femoral)
What muscles attach to the pes aneuris?
- Gracilis
- Sartorius
- Semitendinosus
What are the attachments of the psoas major?
O: Lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebrae (transverse processes, body, discs)
I: lesser trochanter
What are the attachments of the ilicus?
O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
What are the attachments of the pectineus?
O: superior pubic rami
I: Pectineal line of femur (posterior)
What are the attachments of vastus lateralis?
O: lateral side of proximal femur, some of greater trochanter
I: quadriceps tendon onto patella, which is joined to the tibial tuberosity
What are the attachments of vastus medialis?
O: proximal medial femur
I: quadriceps tendon - indirectly onto tibial tuberosity
What are the attachments of vastus intermedius?
O: anterior surface of proximal femur
I: quadriceps tendon
What are the attachments of rectus femoris?
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: quadriceps tendon
What are the attachments of sartorius?
O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: medial aspect of proximal tibia
What are the attachments of adductor longus?
O: Body of pubis
I: middle 1/3 of linear aspera
What are the attachments of adductor brevis?
O: body of pubis and inferior pubic rami
I: proximal linear aspera
What are the attachments of adductor magnus?
Hamstring part:
O: ischial tuberosity, I: linear aspera
Adductor part:
O: ischiopubic rami, I: linear aspera and adductor tubercle
What are the attachments of obturator externus?
O: obturator foramen
I: trochanteric fossa (posterior femur)
What are the attachments of gracilis?
O: Body of pubis and inferior pubic rami
I: superior part of medial tibia
What are the general attachment points of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Ischiopubic rami to posterior femur
What are the attachments of semimembranosus?
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia
What are the attachments of semitendinosus?
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of proximal tibia
What are the attachments of rectus femoris?
Long head - O: ischial tuberosity
Short head - O: lower aspect of linear aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge
Both insert as rectus femoris tendon onto head of fibula
What are the attachments of gluteus minimus?
O: Between inferior and anterior gluteal lines of ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
What are the attachments of gluteus medius?
O: Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines of ilium
I: Greater trochanter of femur
What are the attachments of gluteus maximus?
O: ilium behind posterior gluteal lines, sacrum and coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity on posterior femur and iliotibial tract
What are the attachments of tensor fascia lata?
O: Anterior iliac crest and ASIS
I: iliotibial tract
What are the attachments of piriformis?
O: anterior part of sacrum
I: greater trochanter
What are the attachments of superior gemellus?
O: ischial spine
I: greater trochanter
What are the attachments of obturator internus?
O: Inside rim of obturator foramen and associated obturator membrane
I: Greater trochanter
What are the attachments of inferior gemellus?
O: ischial tuberosity
I: Greater trochanter
What are the attachments of quadratus femoris?
O: ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle on femur (between the trochanters)
