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Anatomy Y2 S3 > A8- Muscles of the leg and foot > Flashcards

A8- Muscles of the leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

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2
Q

For the anterior compartment of the leg, give its:
- Action
- Innervation
- Arterial supply

A
  • Action: dorsiflex foot at ankle, extend the toes and invert the foot
  • Deep fibular nerve
  • Anterior tibial artery
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3
Q

Name the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

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4
Q

For the lateral compartment of the leg, give its:
- Action
- Innervation
- Arterial supply

A
  • Action: evert the foot
  • Superficial fibular nerve
  • Fibular artery
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5
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Superficial: Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
Deep: tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, popliteus

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6
Q

For the posterior compartment of the leg, give its:
- Action
- Innervation
- Arterial supply

A
  • Generally, they plantar flex and invert the foot, and flex the toes
  • Tibial nerve
  • Posterior tibial artery
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7
Q

What passes the medial malleolus?

A

Think - ‘Tom, Dick, And, Very, Nervous Harry’
From anterior to posterior:
Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum longus
posterior tibial Artery
posterior tibial Vein
tibial Nerve
flexor Hallucis longus

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8
Q

What are the margins of the popliteal fossa?

A

Upper: medially by semitendinosus and semimembranosus, laterally by biceps femoris
Lower: medially by medial head of gastrocnemius, laterally by lateral head of gastroc. and plantaris
Floor: capsule of knee joint, femur and tibia, popliteus
Roof: deep fascia

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9
Q

What does the popliteal fossa contain?

A

Popliteal artery
popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

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10
Q

What are extrinsic vs intrinsic foot muscles? What movements are they responsible for?

A

Extrinsic = from compartments of the leg, eversion, inversion, plantar flexion and dorsi flexion
Intrinsic = located within the foot, for fine motor actions (i.e. moving individual digits)

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11
Q

How are the intrinsic muscles of the foot organised?

A

2 main layers - those on dorsum of the foot (facing upwards) and those in the sole of the foot.

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12
Q

What muscle is present on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis - gives rise to extensor hallucis brevis tendon

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13
Q

How many muscles are in the layers of the sole of the foot?

A

1st and 3rd layer = 3 muscles
2nd and 4th layer = 2 muscles and 2 tendons

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14
Q

What muscles are in the 1st layer (most superficial) of the sole of the foot?

A

‘abs flex abs’ = 2 abductors, 1 flexor:
- abductor hallucis
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digitorum brevis

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15
Q

What muscles are in the 2nd layer of the sole of the foot?

A

Tendons from posterior compartment:
- tendon of flexor digitorum longus
- tendon of flexor hallucis longus
Muscles:
- Quadratus plantae
- Lumbricals

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16
Q

What muscles are in the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot?

A

‘flex add flex’ = 2 flexors, 1 adductor:
- Flexor hallucis brevis
- Flexor digiti minmi brevis
- Adductor hallucis

17
Q

What muscles are in the 4th layer (deepest layer) of the sole of the foot?

A
  • Tendon of tibialis posterior
  • Tendon of fibularis longus
  • Dorsal interossei
  • Plantar interossei
18
Q

What is the action of the interossei muscles?

A

Dorsal interossei = DAB = Abduct toes, i.e. away from axis of 2nd toe
Plantar interossei = PAD = Adduct toes, i.e. towards axis of 2nd toe

19
Q

What muscle contributes to the large plantar eminence of the sole of the foot (lateral)?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

20
Q

Where does the tibial nerve provide sensory innervation?

A

Sole of foot

21
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve provide sensory innervation?

A

lateral surface of lower leg

22
Q

Where does the superficial fibular nerve provide sensory innervation?

A

Dorsum of the foot

23
Q

What sensory nerves does the common fibular nerve branch into?

A

sural communicating and lateral sural cutaneous nerve

24
Q

How is the sural nerve formed? Where does it provide sensation?

A

Sural communicating + branch of tibial nerve
Skin over posterolateral leg

25
Q

What are the attachments of the fibularis longus?

A

Origin: lateral aspect of proximal fibula
Insertion: plantar aspect of 1st metatarsal

26
Q

What are the attachments of the fibularis brevis?

A

Origin: lateral surface of distal half of fibula
Insertion: tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

27
Q

From lateral to medial, what is the arrangement of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis tertius
Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior

28
Q

What are the attachments of tibialis anterior?

A

O: lateral condyle of tibia and proximal half of lateral surface of tibia
I: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal (possibly to most of foot bones)

29
Q

What are the attachments of extensor digitorum longus?

A

O: proximal 3/4 of fibula shaft and lateral condyle of tibia
I: base of middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

30
Q

What are the attachments of extensor hallucis longus?

A

O: middle 1/3 of anterior fibula
I: dorsal aspect of distal phalanx of big toe

31
Q

What are the attachments of fibularis tertius?

A

O: distal 1/3 of anterior fibula
I: dorsal aspect of 5th metatarsal

32
Q

What is an easy way to find the fibularis tertius?

A

Look for the most lateral tendon on the foot that doesnt go to a toe

33
Q

What are the attachments of the gastrocnemius?

A

O: medial head= medial condyle and medial supracondylar ridge of femur, lateral head= lateral condyle and lateral supracondylar ridge
I: calcaneus via Archilles tendon

34
Q

What are the attachments of plantaris?

A

O: lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: posterior aspect of calcaneus, medial to archilles tendon

35
Q

What are the attachments of soleus?

A

O: posterior aspect of proximal fibula (head, neck, shaft) and tibial soleal line
I: Archilles tendon

36
Q

What are the attachments of popliteus?

A

O: lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior surface of proximal tibia

37
Q

What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?

A

O: posterior surface of proximal tibia and fibula
I: tuberosity of navicular and medial cuneiform

38
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?

A

O: posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
I: base of distal phalanx for toes 2-5 (plantar surface)

39
Q

What are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?

A

O: distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
I: plantar aspect of base of distal phalanx of big toe

Anatomy Y2 S3 (12 decks)

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