Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Y2 S3 > A5 - Cranial nerves > Flashcards

A5 - Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the afferent modalities?

A

General somatic sensory
General visceral sensory
Special somatic sensory
Special visceral sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What sensations do general vs special afferent modalities transmit?

A

General = touch, pressure, pain, vibration
Special = vision, hearing, taste, smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What information does SSS modality carry?

A

SSS: Special somatic sensory; special senses derived from the ectoderm, i.e. retina, cochlear and vestibular = sight, sound and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What information does SVS modality carry?

A

SVS: Special visceral sensory; special senses derived from the endoderm, i.e. smell and taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What information does GSS and GVS carry?

A

GSS: General somatic sensory; general sensation from the skin, muscles and joints
GVS: General visceral sensory; general sensation from organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the names of efferent modalities?

A

General somatic motor
General visceral motor
Special visceral motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the difference between general and special efferent modalities?

A

General = any muscle not derived from pharyngeal arches
Special = any muscle derived from pharyngeal arches, i.e. muscles of the larynx, pharynx, facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What information does GSM transmit?

A

GSM: General somatic motor; voluntary control of skeletal muscles (including extra-ocular muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What information does GVM transmit?

A

General visceral motor; involuntary control of smooth muscle and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What information does SVM transmit?

A

Innervates muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For cranial nerve I:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Olfactory nerve
Exits via cribiform plate
Nuclei: olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve I?

A

Modality = sensory (SVS)
Function = smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

For cranial nerve II:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Optic nerve
Exits via optic canal
Nuclei: lateral geniculate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve II?

A

Modality = sensory (SVS)
Function = vision (innervates retina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For cranial nerve III:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Oculomotor nerve
Exits via superior orbital fissure
Nuclei: occulomotor nuclei and Edwinger-Westphal nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve III?

A

Modalities = motor (GSM and SVM)
GSM function: 4 extra-ocular muscles and levator palpebrae superioris muscle
SVM function: sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

For cranial nerve IV:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Trochlear nerve
Exits via superior orbital fissure
Trochlear nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve IV?

A

Modality = motor (GSE)
Function: innervates superior oblique muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For cranial nerve V, list its 3 main branches and their:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Trigeminal nerve, branches into ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3)

V1= superior orbital fissure
V2= foramen rotundum
V3= foramen ovale

Nuclei for all: trigeminal motor and sensory nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve V1?

A

Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal:
Modality = GSS
Function = sensation to scalp, forehead and nose, dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve V2?

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal:
Modality = GSS
Function = sensation to cheeks, lower eyelid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth, palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve V3?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal:
Modality = GSS and SVM
GSS function = sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue, skin over mandible and lower teeth
SVM function = muscles of mastication (chewing) and tensor tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

For cranial nerve VI:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Abducens nerve
Exit via superior orbital fissure
Nuclei: abducens nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve VI?

A

Modality = GSM
Function = innervates lateral rectus muscle

25
Q

For cranial nerve VII:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Facial nerve
Exits via internal auditory meatus then stylomastoid foramen
Nuclei: facial nucleus, nucleus solitarius and superior salivatory nucleus

26
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve VII?

A

GSS: sensation to external ear
SVS: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, hard and soft palate
GVM: innervation to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual and mucous glands
SVM: facial expression muscles, stapedius

27
Q

For cranial nerve VIII:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve
Exits via internal auditory meatus
Nuclei: vestibular and cochlear nuclei

28
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Modality: SSS
Function: hearing and balance

29
Q

For cranial nerve IX:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Exits via jugular foramen
Nuclei: trigeminal sensory nucleus, nucleus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, inferior salivatory nucleus

30
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve IX?

A

GSS: posterior 1/3 of tongue, external ear, middle ear cavity, eustachian tube
GVS: carotid body and sinus
SVS: taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
GVM: parotid gland
SVM: innervates stylopharyngeus muscle and internal pharyngeal muscles

31
Q

For cranial nerve X:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Vagus nerve
Exits via jugular foramen
Nuclei: trigeminal sensory nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, nucleus solitarius and nucleus ambiguus

32
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve X?

A

GSS: external ear, larynx, pharynx
GVS: larynx, pharynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera, aortic bodies
SVS: taste from epiglottis region of tongue
GVM: smooth muscles of larynx, pharynx and most of GI tract
SVM: innervates most muscles of larynx and pharynx

33
Q

For cranial nerve XI:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Accessory (spinal)
Exits via jugular foramen
Nuclei: spinal cord

34
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve XI?

A

Modality: motor (GSM)
GSM= trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

35
Q

For cranial nerve XII:
- Name
- Exit from the skull
- Nuclei

A

Hypoglossal nerve
Exits via hypoglossal canal
Nuclei: hypoglossal nucleus

36
Q

What is the modality and function of cranial nerve XII?

A

Modality: motor (GSM)
GSM = innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles, except palatoglossus

37
Q

What modality represents parasympathetic innervation and which cranial nerves possess this?

A

GSM - general somatic motor
Think 1973 - nerves 10, 9, 7, 3 = vagus, glossopharyngeal, facial, oculomotor

38
Q

Describe the path of the facial nerve

A

1- Enters skull via internal acoustic meatus (with CN VIII) into middle ear
2- Gives off 3 branches
3- Exits via stylomastoid foramen (found on bottom of skull between styloid process and mastoid process)
4- outside the skull it wraps around to go through the parotid gland where it gives off 5 branches

39
Q

What are the 3 subnuclei of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Chief sensory - touch and pressure
Spinal nucleus - pain and temperature
Mesencephalic - proprioceptive afferents from muscle of mastication and TMJ

40
Q

What branches does the ophthalmic (V1) nerve give off?

A

Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary

41
Q

What branches does the maxillary (V2) nerve give off and where?

A

Gives off branches in pterygopalatine fossa:
Zygomatic
Infraorbital
Anterior, middle and posterior superior alveolar
Greater and lesser palatine
Nasopalatine

42
Q

What branches does the mandibular (V3) nerve give off and where?

A

Gives off branches in the infratemporal fossa:
Buccal *
Deep temporal
Muscular branches
Auriculotemporal *
Lingual
Inferior alveolar
Mental *
Incisive
*= most important

43
Q

What ganglion does the facial nerve form in the facial canal?

A

Geniculate ganglion

44
Q

What are the first 3 branches of the facial nerve? Give their roles

A

Greater petrosal - for taste and parasympathetic
Nerve to stapedius - motor innervation
Chorda tympani - taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue and parsympathetic to sublingual and submaxillary glands

45
Q

What are the 5 branches the facial nerve gives off in the parotid gland?

A

Temporal (frontal)
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

46
Q

What is a good way to roughly see where each of the 5 facial nerve branches extends?

A

Hold heel of hand against ear, thumb directing up to forehead and pinky down to neck
Each finger act as a branch, i.e. thumb = temporal (forehead), index = zygomatic (just under eye), middle finger = buccal (cheek) etc.

47
Q

From what part of the brainstem do cranial nerves III- XII arise?

A

III: midbrain- pontine junction
IV: midbrain
V: pons
VI- VIII: pons-medullary junction
IX - XI: medulla, posterior to the olive
XII: medulla, anterior to the olive

48
Q

Where are the 2 roots of the spinal accessory nerve found?

A

Cranial root = lateral aspect of medulla, inferior part of nucleus ambiguus
Spinal root = ventral horn of grey matter between C1-C5

49
Q

What muscles does the hypoglossal nerve pass between?

A

Between mylohyoid and hypoglossus (tongue) muscles, lies lateral to genioglossus muscle

50
Q

What is papilloedema and how can it be caused?

A

Oedema/ swelling of the optic nerve
Caused by increased intracranial pressure, because the optic nerve is enveloped in meninges and CSF so raising the pressure pushes CSF out into the eye

51
Q

Which cranial nerve is the only one to arise from the posterior aspect of the brainstem?

A

Trochlear

52
Q

What does the trigeminal ganglion contain?

A

Nerve cell bodies of first order sensory neurones

53
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the frontal branch of V1?

A

Supratrochlear
Supraorbital

54
Q

What is the terminal branch of V2?

A

Infraorbital nerve

55
Q

Where are nerve cell bodies of UMN that supply the lower limb located?

A

Precentral gyrus within longitudinal fissure

56
Q

Give the location and roles of the 3 parts of the trigeminal nuclei

A

Mesencephalic: midbrain - proprioception
Chief: pons - touch and pressure
Spinal: medulla - pain and temperature

57
Q

What does the mesencephalic nucleus contain?

A

Nerve cell bodies of primary neurones (not secondary like other proprioceptive pathways)

58
Q

Which side would the tongue deviate to if a patient had:
- UMN lesion on R side
or
- LMN lesion on R side

A

UMN lesion on R side = tongue deviate to left
LMN on R side = tongue deviate to right

59
Q

Which tract might transmit dull, aching pain?

A

Spinoreticulothalamic

Anatomy Y2 S3 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions