A4 - ENT Flashcards
Where does the pharynx start from/ end?
From base of skull to inferior border of C6
Where does the nasopharynx start/ end?
From base of skull to soft palate
What is the nasopharynx lined with?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Which tonsils are within the nasopharynx?
Adenoid (pharyngeal) tonsils
Tubal tonsils - lateral wall (around Eustachian tube opening)
Where does the oropharynx start/ end?
Between the soft palate and superior border of the epiglottis
What does the oropharynx contain?
-Posterior 1/3 of tongue
-Lingual tonsils (base of tongue)
-Palatine tonsils (between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches of oral cavity)
-Superior constrictor muscle
What is the Weldeyer’s ring?
Ring of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx and oropharynx, formed by the palatine tonsils, the adenoid (pharyngeal) tonsil, tubal tonsils and the lingual tonsil
What marks the boundary between the oral cavity and oropharynx?
Palatoglossal folds (arches)
What is the name of the arched opening that opens and closes when you eat food?
Oropharyngeal isthmus - closed when food is in your mouth by depression of soft palate and elevation of the tongue
Where does the laryngopharynx start/ end?
Superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6)
Where does palatoglossal muscle extend from/to?
Palatine aponeurosis of the hard palate to the tongue
Where does palatopharyngeus muscle extend from/to?
Palatine aponeurosis of the hard palate to the thyroid cartilage (pharynx)
Which tonsils are typically inflammed with tonsilitis?
Palatine
What is the arterial supply to the pharynx?
Branches of the external carotid artery:
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Branches of facial artery
- Branches of lingual and maxillary artery
What is the venous drainage of the pharynx?
Pharyngeal venous plexus - drains into internal jugular vein
What supplies sensory and motor innervation to the pharynx?
Sensory= glossopharyngeal nerve
Motor = vagus, apart from the stylopharyngeus (motor innervation also by glossopharyngeal)
Describe the location of the pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil
Midline on roof of nasopharynx
Describe the location of the tubal tonsils
Around opening of the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
Describe the location of the palatine tonsils
Tonsillar bed of lateral oropharynx wall, between palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch
Describe the location of the lingual tonsil
Numerous lymphoid nodules on posterior 1/3 of tongue (responsible for the irregular appearance)
What type of tissue are tonsils and what do they contain?
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) - contain B cells, T cells and macrophages
Describe the location of the larynx
Suspends from the hyoid bone and spans from C3 to C6
Sits almost posteriorly to the laryngopharynx, and anterior to the oesophagus
What is the larynx composed of?
3 unpaired cartilages: cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis
3 pairs of smaller cartilages: arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform
Fibroelastic membrane
Intrinsic muscles
What are the 3 sections of the larynx and their boundaries?
Supraglottis: inferior surface of epiglottis to vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
Glottis: contains the vocal cords and 1cm below them
Subglottis: from inferior border of the glottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage