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Anatomy Y2 S3 > A6 - Facial and tongue muscles > Flashcards

A6 - Facial and tongue muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of the obicularis oculi?

A

Closes eyelids - outer orbital part closes them forcefully and the inner palpebral part closes them gently
(round eyes)

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2
Q

What is the action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi?

A

Raises upper lip, opens nostrils
(strap like muscle going down side of nose)

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3
Q

What is the action of the nasalis?

A

Transverse part (over nose) - compresses nasal aperture
Alar part (under nostrils) - draws cartilage down and opens nostrils laterally
(main nose muscle)

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4
Q

What is the action of levator anguli oris?

A

Elevates the corner of mouth, deepens nasolibial furrow
(extends up from corner of mouth/ top lip into cheek)

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5
Q

What is the action of the buccinator?

A

Presses cheeks against teeth, prevents food accumulating here
(deep and main muscle in the cheek)

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6
Q

What is the action of risorious?

A

Pulls corner of mouth laterally and upwards
(strap muscle from corner of mouth to cheekbone)

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7
Q

What is the action of obicularis oris?

A

Closes and portrudes lips (purses)
(ring like muscle around the mouth)

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8
Q

What is the action of mentalis?

A

Raises and portrudes lower lip
(from lower lip to chin)

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9
Q

What is the action of platysma?

A

Tenses the skin
(muscle from lower mandible to neck)

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10
Q

What is the action of depressor labi inferioris?

A

Draws lower lip down and laterally
(extends down from middle of lower lip to either side of chin)

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11
Q

What is the action of depressor anguli oris?

A

Draws corner of mouth down and laterally
(extends down to chin from corner of mouth)

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12
Q

What is the action of depressor nasal septi?

A

Pulls nose inferiorly
(found right under nostrils)

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13
Q

What is the action of zygomaticus minor and major?

A

Draw corner of mouth up and laterally, and draws upper lip upwards
(strap like muscles from corner of mouth to in front of ear; minor is superior to major)

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14
Q

What is the action of levator labi superioris?

A

raises upper lip, forms nasolibial furrow
(from obicularis oris ring to where obicularis oculi ring is, sort of diagnoally)

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15
Q

What is the action of frontalis?

A

Moves the scalp, wrinkles the forehead
(forehead muscle)

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16
Q

What is the action of procerus?

A

Draws eyebrows down
(muscle right in middle of your eyebrows, goes onto nose)

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17
Q

What is the action of corrugator supercilli?

A

Draws eyebrows in and down
(small muscle medial to eyebrows and deep to obicularis oculi)

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18
Q

What muscle might be contracted when making a face of sadness?

A

Depressor anguli oris - corner of mouth down
Levator labi superioris - deepens furrow
Levator anguli oris - deepens furrow
Depressor labi inferioris - lower lip down and laterally
Mentalis - protrudes lower lip

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19
Q

What muscle might be contracted when making a face of disgust?

A

Levator labi superioris alaeque nasi - raises upper lip and opens nostrils

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20
Q

What muscle might be contracted when grinning?

A

Risorius - corner of mouth up and out
Depressor labi inferioris - pulls lower lip down to show teeth

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21
Q

What muscle might be contracted when angry?

A

Procerus - draws eyebrows down
Corrugator supercili - draws eyebrows down
Depressor anguli oris - corner of mouth down

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22
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

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23
Q

Which muscle of mastication may aid with depression of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid - inferior head

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24
Q

For temporalis muscle, give its:
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

O: temporal fossa (temporalis line)
I: coronoid process of mandible
A: elevates and retracts mandible

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25
Q

For masseter muscle, give its:
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

O: Zygomatic arch
I: mandible (ramus, angle, lateral surface)
A: superficial part elevates the mandible, deep part retracts mandible

26
Q

For lateral pterygoid muscle, give its:
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

O: upper head= roof of temporal fossa, lower head= sphenoid bone
I: neck of mandible
A: protrusion and side to side movements, lower head= depression of mandible

27
Q

For medial pterygoid muscle, give its:
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

O: superficial head= maxillary tuberosity and palatine, deep head= sphenoid bone
I: ramus of mandible
A: elevates mandible, side to side movement

28
Q

Which muscles help protract the mandible? What movement is this?

A

Lateral and medial pterygoids
Protraction = jaw forwards

29
Q

Which muscles help retract the mandible? What movement is this?

A

Geniohyoid, digastric, some fibres from temporalis and masseter
Retraction = jaw backwards

30
Q

What muscles are involved in depression of the mandible?

A

Digastric
Geniohyoid
Myohyoid
Lateral pterygoid
= assisted by gravity and relaxation of muscles of mastication (apart from LP)

31
Q

Which muscles are involved in elevation of the mandible?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

32
Q

What is the role of the parotid gland?

A

Bilateral salivary gland that produces serous saliva, a watery solution rich in enzymes - secreted into oral cavity where it lubricates and breaks down food

33
Q

What are the boundaries of the parotid gland?

A

Superiorly: zygomatic arch
Inferiorly: inferior border of mandible
Anteriorly: masseter muscle
Posteriorly: external ear and sternocleidomastoid

34
Q

Where do secretions of the parotid gland travel? I.e. what muscles does it pass on its route

A

Within the parotid (‘stensen’) duct - traverses the masseter and pierces the buccinator, opens into oral cavity near 2nd upper molar

35
Q

What branches does the facial nerve give off when in the parotid gland?

A

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

36
Q

What else gives off branches within the parotid gland? Name the branches

A

External carotid artery ascends through then gives off:
- Posterior auricular, which then divides into the maxillary and superficial temporal artery

37
Q

What is responsible for venous drainage of the face?

A

Retromandibular vein: formed by maxillary and superficial temporal veins
Facial vein: continuation of angular vein
= join to form common facial vein

38
Q

What is responsible for arterial supply to the face?

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal arteries

39
Q

What cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

40
Q

What provides sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland? What is its action?

A

Superficial cervical ganglion
When stimulated, it reduces saliva secretion via vasoconstriction

41
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the face? Where are the muscles it innervates derived from?

A

Branches of trigeminal
1st pharyngeal arch

42
Q

Where do the branches of the ophthalmic nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear: upper eyelid, forehead and scalp
Infratrochlear: medial upper eyelid and side of nose
Lacrimal: lateral upper eyelid
External nasal: anterior part of nose

43
Q

Where do the branches of the maxillary nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

Zygomaticotemporal: temple above zygomatic arch
Zygomaticofacial: area over zygomatic bone
Infraorbital: lower lid, cheek, side of nose and upper lip

44
Q

Where do the branches of the mandibular nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

Auriculotemporal: external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, temple
Buccal: surface of cheek
Mental: lower lip and chin

45
Q

What provides motor innervation to muscles of the face? Where are these muscles derived from?

A

Facial nerve
2nd pharyngeal arch

46
Q

Where do the branches of the facial nerve supply?

A

Temporal: muscles in temple, forehead and supra-orbital areas
Zygomatic: muscles in intra-orbital, lateral nasal and upper lip areas
Buccal: muscles in cheek, upper lip and corner of mouth
Marginal mandibular: muscles of lower lip and chin
Cervical: supplies the platysma

47
Q

What is the main arterial supply of the face?

A

External carotid artery, but it anastomoses with the internal carotid artery around the orbit

48
Q

What are the anterior branches of the ECA?

A

Superior thyroid
Lingual
Facial artery

49
Q

What are the posterior branches of the ECA?

A

Ascending pharyngeal - to pharynx
Occipital - back of scalp
Posterior auricular - behind ears

50
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery and where do they supply?

A

Inferior and superior labial - to lower/upper lip
Alar artery - to nose
Lateral nasal artery - over bridge of nose
Angular artery - to eyes (terminating branch)

51
Q

What does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate?

A

Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilli

52
Q

What does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervate?

A

Obicularis oculi

53
Q

What does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate?

A

Obicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus

54
Q

What does the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervate?

A

Mentalis, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris

55
Q

What are the extrinsic tongue muscles and their roles?

A

Genioglossus - stick tongue out (protrude)
Hyoglossus - depress tongue
Styloglossus - elevate and retract tongue
Palatoglossus - depresses soft palate

56
Q

What innervates the tongue muscles?

A

Hypoglossal nerve to all except palatoglossus (via vagus nerve)

57
Q

Name the intrinsic tongue muscles, where their fibres run and their roles

A

Longitudinal - run length of tongue, curl edges and tip in
Transverse - runs from side to side, curls tongue in
Vertical - up and down, so makes tongue wider or flattens it

58
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

Depression at back of tongue

59
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis?

A

V-shaped bit at back of tongue that seperates papillae from larger papillae

60
Q

What arteries supplies blood to area around your eyes?

A

Supratrochlear and supraorbitla branches of ophthalmic (from ICA)

Anatomy Y2 S3 (12 decks)

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