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Anatomy Y2 S3 > A6 - Facial and tongue muscles > Flashcards

A6 - Facial and tongue muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of the obicularis oculi?

A

Closes eyelids - outer orbital part closes them forcefully and the inner palpebral part closes them gently
(round eyes)

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2
Q

What is the action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi?

A

Raises upper lip, opens nostrils
(strap like muscle going down side of nose)

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3
Q

What is the action of the nasalis?

A

Transverse part (over nose) - compresses nasal aperture
Alar part (under nostrils) - draws cartilage down and opens nostrils laterally
(main nose muscle)

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4
Q

What is the action of levator anguli oris?

A

Elevates the corner of mouth, deepens nasolibial furrow
(extends up from corner of mouth/ top lip into cheek)

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5
Q

What is the action of the buccinator?

A

Presses cheeks against teeth, prevents food accumulating here
(deep and main muscle in the cheek)

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6
Q

What is the action of risorious?

A

Pulls corner of mouth laterally and upwards
(strap muscle from corner of mouth to cheekbone)

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7
Q

What is the action of obicularis oris?

A

Closes and portrudes lips (purses)
(ring like muscle around the mouth)

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8
Q

What is the action of mentalis?

A

Raises and portrudes lower lip
(from lower lip to chin)

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9
Q

What is the action of platysma?

A

Tenses the skin
(muscle from lower mandible to neck)

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10
Q

What is the action of depressor labi inferioris?

A

Draws lower lip down and laterally
(extends down from middle of lower lip to either side of chin)

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11
Q

What is the action of depressor anguli oris?

A

Draws corner of mouth down and laterally
(extends down to chin from corner of mouth)

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12
Q

What is the action of depressor nasal septi?

A

Pulls nose inferiorly
(found right under nostrils)

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13
Q

What is the action of zygomaticus minor and major?

A

Draw corner of mouth up and laterally, and draws upper lip upwards
(strap like muscles from corner of mouth to in front of ear; minor is superior to major)

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14
Q

What is the action of levator labi superioris?

A

raises upper lip, forms nasolibial furrow
(from obicularis oris ring to where obicularis oculi ring is, sort of diagnoally)

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15
Q

What is the action of frontalis?

A

Moves the scalp, wrinkles the forehead
(forehead muscle)

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16
Q

What is the action of procerus?

A

Draws eyebrows down
(muscle right in middle of your eyebrows, goes onto nose)

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17
Q

What is the action of corrugator supercilli?

A

Draws eyebrows in and down
(small muscle medial to eyebrows and deep to obicularis oculi)

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18
Q

What muscle might be contracted when making a face of sadness?

A

Depressor anguli oris - corner of mouth down
Levator labi superioris - deepens furrow
Levator anguli oris - deepens furrow
Depressor labi inferioris - lower lip down and laterally
Mentalis - protrudes lower lip

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19
Q

What muscle might be contracted when making a face of disgust?

A

Levator labi superioris alaeque nasi - raises upper lip and opens nostrils

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20
Q

What muscle might be contracted when grinning?

A

Risorius - corner of mouth up and out
Depressor labi inferioris - pulls lower lip down to show teeth

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21
Q

What muscle might be contracted when angry?

A

Procerus - draws eyebrows down
Corrugator supercili - draws eyebrows down
Depressor anguli oris - corner of mouth down

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22
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

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23
Q

Which muscle of mastication may aid with depression of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid - inferior head

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24
Q

For temporalis muscle, give its:
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

O: temporal fossa (temporalis line)
I: coronoid process of mandible
A: elevates and retracts mandible

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25
For masseter muscle, give its: Origin Insertion Action
O: Zygomatic arch I: mandible (ramus, angle, lateral surface) A: superficial part elevates the mandible, deep part retracts mandible
26
For lateral pterygoid muscle, give its: Origin Insertion Action
O: upper head= roof of temporal fossa, lower head= sphenoid bone I: neck of mandible A: protrusion and side to side movements, lower head= depression of mandible
27
For medial pterygoid muscle, give its: Origin Insertion Action
O: superficial head= maxillary tuberosity and palatine, deep head= sphenoid bone I: ramus of mandible A: elevates mandible, side to side movement
28
Which muscles help protract the mandible? What movement is this?
Lateral and medial pterygoids Protraction = jaw forwards
29
Which muscles help retract the mandible? What movement is this?
Geniohyoid, digastric, some fibres from temporalis and masseter Retraction = jaw backwards
30
What muscles are involved in depression of the mandible?
Digastric Geniohyoid Myohyoid Lateral pterygoid = assisted by gravity and relaxation of muscles of mastication (apart from LP)
31
Which muscles are involved in elevation of the mandible?
Temporalis Masseter Medial pterygoid
32
What is the role of the parotid gland?
Bilateral salivary gland that produces serous saliva, a watery solution rich in enzymes - secreted into oral cavity where it lubricates and breaks down food
33
What are the boundaries of the parotid gland?
Superiorly: zygomatic arch Inferiorly: inferior border of mandible Anteriorly: masseter muscle Posteriorly: external ear and sternocleidomastoid
34
Where do secretions of the parotid gland travel? I.e. what muscles does it pass on its route
Within the parotid ('stensen') duct - traverses the masseter and pierces the buccinator, opens into oral cavity near 2nd upper molar
35
What branches does the facial nerve give off when in the parotid gland?
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical
36
What else gives off branches within the parotid gland? Name the branches
External carotid artery ascends through then gives off: - Posterior auricular, which then divides into the maxillary and superficial temporal artery
37
What is responsible for venous drainage of the face?
Retromandibular vein: formed by maxillary and superficial temporal veins Facial vein: continuation of angular vein = join to form common facial vein
38
What is responsible for arterial supply to the face?
Maxillary and superficial temporal arteries
39
What cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
40
What provides sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland? What is its action?
Superficial cervical ganglion When stimulated, it reduces saliva secretion via vasoconstriction
41
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the face? Where are the muscles it innervates derived from?
Branches of trigeminal 1st pharyngeal arch
42
Where do the branches of the ophthalmic nerve provide sensory innervation to?
Supraorbital and supratrochlear: upper eyelid, forehead and scalp Infratrochlear: medial upper eyelid and side of nose Lacrimal: lateral upper eyelid External nasal: anterior part of nose
43
Where do the branches of the maxillary nerve provide sensory innervation to?
Zygomaticotemporal: temple above zygomatic arch Zygomaticofacial: area over zygomatic bone Infraorbital: lower lid, cheek, side of nose and upper lip
44
Where do the branches of the mandibular nerve provide sensory innervation to?
Auriculotemporal: external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, temple Buccal: surface of cheek Mental: lower lip and chin
45
What provides motor innervation to muscles of the face? Where are these muscles derived from?
Facial nerve 2nd pharyngeal arch
46
Where do the branches of the facial nerve supply?
Temporal: muscles in temple, forehead and supra-orbital areas Zygomatic: muscles in intra-orbital, lateral nasal and upper lip areas Buccal: muscles in cheek, upper lip and corner of mouth Marginal mandibular: muscles of lower lip and chin Cervical: supplies the platysma
47
What is the main arterial supply of the face?
External carotid artery, but it anastomoses with the internal carotid artery around the orbit
48
What are the anterior branches of the ECA?
Superior thyroid Lingual Facial artery
49
What are the posterior branches of the ECA?
Ascending pharyngeal - to pharynx Occipital - back of scalp Posterior auricular - behind ears
50
What are the branches of the facial artery and where do they supply?
Inferior and superior labial - to lower/upper lip Alar artery - to nose Lateral nasal artery - over bridge of nose Angular artery - to eyes (terminating branch)
51
What does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate?
Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilli
52
What does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervate?
Obicularis oculi
53
What does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate?
Obicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus
54
What does the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervate?
Mentalis, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris
55
What are the extrinsic tongue muscles and their roles?
Genioglossus - stick tongue out (protrude) Hyoglossus - depress tongue Styloglossus - elevate and retract tongue Palatoglossus - depresses soft palate
56
What innervates the tongue muscles?
Hypoglossal nerve to all except palatoglossus (via vagus nerve)
57
Name the intrinsic tongue muscles, where their fibres run and their roles
Longitudinal - run length of tongue, curl edges and tip in Transverse - runs from side to side, curls tongue in Vertical - up and down, so makes tongue wider or flattens it
58
What is the foramen caecum?
Depression at back of tongue
59
What is the sulcus terminalis?
V-shaped bit at back of tongue that seperates papillae from larger papillae
60
What arteries supplies blood to area around your eyes?
Supratrochlear and supraorbitla branches of ophthalmic (from ICA)

Anatomy Y2 S3 (12 decks)

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