A7. Cholinomimetics

Question 1

What is the meaning of cholinomimetics?

Answer 1

The drugs that mimic the actions of cholinergic stimulators.

Question 2

Cholinomimetic drugs

Answer 2

…

Question 3

List the direct nicotinic and muscarinic agonists.

Answer 3

1. Acetylcholine
2. Carbachol

Choline esters.

Question 4

List the direct nicotinic agonists.

Answer 4

1. Alkaloids: Nicotine
2. Synthetic: Varenicline

Question 5

List the direct muscarinic agonists.

Answer 5

1. Alkaloids: Muscarine, Pilocarpine, Arekrolin.
2. Choline esters: Methacholine, Bethanechol
3. Synthetic: Cevimeline

Question 6

List the indirect-acting/acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Answer 6

1. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
2. Reversible competitive inhibitors: Edrophonium
3. Reversible non-competitive inhibitors:
   
   • ​Tertiary carbamates: Physostigmine, Rivastigmine (Galantamine, Donepezil)
   • Quarternary carbamates: Neostigmine, Distigmine, Pyridostigmine, Ambenonium.
4. Irreversible inhibitors: Organophosphates
   
   1. Insecticides
   2. Chemical weapons: Sarin, Tabun, Soman, VX, Novichock agents (Antidote: - ‘oxime’ drugs, 1-pralidoxime, 2-Obidoxime(Atropine)
   3. Malathion (scabies) + Metrifonate (Anti-helminthic agent)

Question 7

alkaloids vs. esters.