A&P Term 3 Lab #4: Cardiovascular System II: Arterial & Venous Vasculature Flashcards
Blood vessels
a closed system of tubes that carry blood around the body
Arteries
blood vessels in which blood is pumped away from the heart
Arteries branch as they pass through organs and tissues to form progressively smaller vessels until they branch into tiny _____ _____
capillary beds
Where does gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place?
capillary beds
Veins
drain blood from the capillaries and return blood to the heart
3 major circuits of blood flow in the body
- Systemic circuit
- Coronary circuit
- Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit
delivers oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to organs and tissues in the body, and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
Coronary circuit
delivers oxygenated blood to the heart itself for its metabolic needs
Pulmonary circuit
delivers deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart
Systemic arterial circuit begins with the
aorta
What is the largest artery in the body?
aorta
Where does the aorta originate from?
originates from the left ventricle as the ascending aorta and curves to form the aortic arch
parts of the aorta
ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta
What are the 3 major branches of the aortic arch?
- brachiocephalic artery
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
what is the brachiocephalic artery?
the first major branch of the aortic arch, travels superiorly and to the right
What does the brachiocephalic artery split into? where?
the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery near the clavicle
What does the right subclavian artery supply?
it supplies the upper limb
the right subclavian artery becomes the ____ artery near the __
axillary artery near the axilla
the axillary artery becomes the ____ artery
brachial
the brachial artery splits into the ____ artery and ____ artery
radial and ulnar
Where does the right common artery travel? what does it split into?
it travels into the neck. where it splits into the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery
what does the external carotid artery supply?
the face and the scalp
the arterial supply of the brain comes from which arteries?
the internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery
basilar artery location and derived from what?
located on the base of the brainstem, derived from the fusion of two branches off the subclavian arteries called the vertebral arteries
the circle of willis is also known as what?
cerebral arterial circle
what arteries contribute to the circle of willis?
internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery
What is the circle of willis composed of?
branches of vessels and a set of anterior and posterior communicating arteries
why are the vessels in the circle of willis connected?
they are connected to provide alternate routes of circulation to the brain if one of the arteries supplying the brain becomes blocked
After the 3 main vessels branch off the aortic arch, it turns downward to become the _____ ____
thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta descends through the _____ cavity posterior to the heart, and then passes through the ______ to become the ______ _____
thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal aorta
Major branches of the abdominal aorta
- celiac trunk
- Renal arteries
- superior mesenteric artery
- inferior mesenteric artery
the Celiac trunk is the ___ branch off the ____ _____, and splits immediately into?
first branch off the abdominal aorta, and splits immediately into:
1. common hepatic artery
2. splenic artery
3. left gastric artery
what are the renal arteries? location? what do they serve?
2 renal arteries inferior to the celiac trunk that serve the kidneys
Superior mesenteric artery location and function
travels through the intestines (called the mesentery) and supplies the small and much of the large intestine
Inferior mesenteric artery & its function
last branch off the abdominal aorta, supplies the remainder of the large intestine
the abdominal aorta terminates by branching out into….
2 common iliac arteries
the 2 common iliac arteries that terminate the abdominal aorta branch out into…
an internal iliac artery and an external iliac artery
what does the internal iliac artery supply?
the structures of the pelvis
The external iliac artery passes deep to the _____ _____ to enter the ____ and become the ______ artery
inguinal ligament, thigh, femoral artery
the femoral artery continues around the _____ _____, where it becomes the _____ _____
popliteal fossa, popliteal artery
the popliteal fossa is the …
posterior knee
the popliteal artery divides into 2 main branches:
the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery
the anterior tibial artery continues in the ____ as the ___ ____ ____
foot as the dorsalis pedis artery
what are the 3 branches off of the common hepatic artery?
Hugs Prove Grandmas Do Really Good
- hepatic proper artery
- gastroduodenal artery
- right gastric artery
(from right to left)
_____ _________ come together to form veins
Venous capillaries
veins join other small veins to form progressively larger vessels until they become the ____ ______ _____ _____ that return blood to the heart
major central venous structures
_____ of the systemic circuit deliver oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to ____ ___, where gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged. The deoxygenated, carbon-dioxide rich blood is then drained from the capillary beds by a series of ___
arteries, capillary beds, veins
2 largest veins in the body
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
what does the superior vena cava drain?
structures superior to the diaphragm
what does the inferior vena cava drain?
drains structures inferior to the diaphragm
The head and the neck are drained primarily by the…
internal and external jugular veins
The smaller external jugular vein drains the…
face and scalp
The larger internal jugular vein drains the…
brain
Venous blood from the brain drains into spaces in between the two layers of the dura mater called the ____ _____
dural sinuses
what are the dura sinuses?
the space in between the two layers of the dura mater
The blood from the brain capillaries drains into the ____ _____
dural sinuses
the inferior dural sinus is also called the…
transverse sinus
what does the inferior dural sinus drain into?
the internal jugular vein
What veins drain the blood from the organs of the abdomen?
- Renal veins
- Splenic vein
- Gastric vein
- Superior Mesenteric vein
- Inferior Mesenteric vein
Renal veins drain the…
kidneys
Splenic vein drains the…
spleen
Gastric veins drain the…
stomach
superior mesenteric vein drains the…
small intestine and much of the large intestine
inferior mesenteric vein drains the…
remainder of the large intestine
the renal vein empties directly into the…
inferior vena cava
the rest of the abdominal veins (excluding the ____ ____) drain into the…
renal vein
into the common hepatic portal vein
The nutrient-rich blood from the 4 remaining veins that drain into the hepatic portal vein is percolated through the ___, where it is ____ ___ _____
liver, processed and detoxified
Once the abdominal blood has filtered through the _____ ____ ____, it exits via the ___ ___ and drains into the ____ ____ ____
hepatic portal system
hepatic veins
inferior vena cava
Blood from the deep structures of the upper limb is drained by the…
radial and ulnar veins
the radial and ulnar veins merge in the arm to form the ____ vein (becomes the _____ vein in the _____)
brachial vein
axillary vein
axilla
what veins merge to form the brachial vein?
the radial and ulnar vein
Near the clavicle, the axillary vein becomes the _____ vein
subclavian
what vein does the subclavian vein drain into?
the brachiocephalic vein
what does the brachiocephalic vein drain into?
superior vena cava
blood from the deep structures of the upper limb ultimately drain into the
superior vena cava
blood from the superficial structures of the upper limb ultimately drain into the
cephalic vein on the lateral side and the basilic vein on the medial side
The cephalic vein and the basilic vein are united in the ______ ______ by the ____ _____ _____
antecubital fossa
median cubital vein
the antecubital fossa unites which two veins?
cephalic and basilic veins
the cephalic and basilic vein come together to form the
median cubital vein
The deep structures of the lower limb are drained by the
anterior and posterior tibial veins
the anterior and posterior tibial veins unite in the ______ _____ to form the _____ ___
popliteal fossa
popliteal vein
what two veins unite to form the popliteal vein
the anterior and posterior tibial veins
the popliteal vein becomes the _____ vein in the ______
femoral vein in the thigh
the femoral vein becomes the ___ after it passes under the __
external iliac vein
inguinal ligament
The external iliac vein merges with the _____ to form the ____
internal iliac vein
common iliac vein
what does the internal iliac vein drain?
the pelvic structures
The 2 common iliac veins unite to form the ___near the ___
inferior vena cava
superior part of the pelvis
The ____ drains the medial leg and thigh and empties into the ____
great saphenous vein
femoral vein
what does the great saphenous vein drain?
the medial leg and thigh
the great saphenous vein drains into the
femoral vein
what is the difference between the right and left suprarenal/gonadal veins?
the right suprarenal, right gonadal, and right renal veins all drain directly into the inferior vena cava separately, while the left suprarenal and left gonadal veins drain into the left renal vein before that left renal vein drains into the inferior vena cava
