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A&P > A&P: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

A&P: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Main function

A

Maintain blood volume

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2
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Take up excess fluid
Smallest
Weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries in loose CTs of body
Drain into collecting vessels

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3
Q

Collecting vessels

A 
Have valves (unidirectional flow)
3 Tunicas
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4
Q

Trunks

A

Largest of lymphatic vessels unite
Drain large areas of body
Dump lymph into right atrium
Collect lymph from collecting vessels

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5
Q

Ducts

A

Dump fluids into venous blood –> superior vena cavae –> right atrium

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6
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Drains lesser part of body (Right upper limb, right side of head and thorax)

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7
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Drains everything else
Cisterna chyli: beginning of thoracic duct
Collects lymph from 2 large lumbar trunks and intestinal trunks

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8
Q

Function of lymphatic vessels

A

Return excess tissue fluid to bloodstream
Return leaked proteins to blood
Carry absorbed fats from intestine –> blood

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9
Q

Lymph

A

Filtered blood

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10
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Clean/filter lymph before it is returned to circulation
Cluster along lymphatic vessels
Surrounded by fibrous capsule with internal trabeculae

Located at sites where lymphocytes encounter antigens and are activated to mount response against them

Filtration: enters afferent, exits efferent

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11
Q

Immune cells

A

Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

B and T cells

Arise in red bone marrow

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13
Q

Macrophages

A

Phagocytes

Help to activate T cells

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14
Q

Dendritic cells

A

APCs

Present foreign antigens to other immune cells

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15
Q

Supporting cells

A

Reticular cells: produce reticular fiber stroma (network that supports other cells in lymphoid tissue)

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16
Q

Lymphoid follicles

A

Clusters (All except thymus)
Areas where immune cells are proliferating
Tightly packed lymphoid cels
Reticular fibers dominate organs

17
Q

Germinal centers

A

Middle part of lymphoid follicles

Proliferation of B cells

18
Q

Thymus

A 
Specific for T cells
Shrinks as you age
Secretes thymic hormones 
   Thymosin
   THF
   TF
   Thymopoietin
No follicles (lacks B cells)
Made of epithelial tissue

ONLY lymphoid organ that does not directly fight antigens
T lymphocytes precursors are kept isolated from foreign antigens to prevent premature activation

19
Q

Primary lymph organs

A

Organs where lymphocytes become immunocompetent

Bone marrow: maturation site for B cells
Thymus: maturation site for T cells

20
Q

Spleen

A

Largest
Lymphocyte proliferation
Surveillance and response
Stores platelets and monocytes (blood-rich)
Blood-cleansing
Removes aged and defective blood cells and platelets
Stores breakdown products of RBCs for later use
Fe: taken out of circulation
Site of erythrocyte production in fetus
Red pulp and white pulp

21
Q

Red pulp

A

Destroys/recycles RBCs
Stores monocytes
Stores platelets
Vast majority of spleen

22
Q

White pulp

A

Immune function
Made mainly of lymphocytes
Proliferation of B and T cells

23
Q

MALT

A 
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
Diffuse/scattered lymphoid tissue (located in mucous membranes)
Tonsils
Peter's patches
Appendix
24
Q

Tonsils

A

Ring of lymphoid tissue around the entrance to the pharynx

25
Q

Peyer’s Patches

A

More numerous towards distal end of small intestine (Ileum)
Aggregated lymph nodules
Clean before substances pass to large intestine

26
Q

Appendix

A

Beginning of large intestine
Destroys bacteria before they an breach the intestinal wall
Generates memory lymphocytes for long-term immunity

27
Q

Buboes

A

Large, swollen, tender to the touch, infected lymph nodes

28
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Structure or lymph vessel becomes inflamed and squeezes own blood supply from vasa vasorum –> blood pooling

29
Q

Lymphedema

A

Localized swelling

Lymphatic capillaries are obstructed/blocked and cannot take in lymph

30
Q

Lymphatic filariasis

A

Elephantiasis

Parasitic worm transported by mosquitos, where they reproduce in lymphatic vessels

A&P (10 decks)

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