A&P: Chapter 1: Human Body

Question 1

Palpation

Answer 1

Feeling organs with your hands

Question 2

Auscultation

Answer 2

Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

Structure composed of at least 2 tissue types (4 is more common) that performs a specific function for the body.

Question 4

Organ Systems

Answer 4

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

Question 5

Integumentary

Answer 5

Hair, skin, nails

Forms external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury.
Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors and sweat and oil glands.

Question 6

Skeletal

Answer 6

Joint, bones

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement.
Blood Cells are formed within bones . Bones store minerals.

Question 7

Muscular

Answer 7

Skeletal muscles

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression.
Maintains posture, and produces heat

Question 8

Nervous

Answer 8

Brain, spinal cords, nerves

Fast-acting control system of the body. Responds to the internal and external changes by activating appropriated muscles and glands.

Question 9

Endocrine

Answer 9

Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland. pancreas, testes/ovary

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells

Question 10

Cardiovascular

Answer 10

Heart, blood vessels

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.

Question 11

Lymphatic

Answer 11

Red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. Immune response mounts attack against foreign substances within body.

Question 12

Respiratory

Answer 12

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lung

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. Gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lung.

Question 13

Digestive system

Answer 13

Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.

Question 14

Urinary

Answer 14

Kidney, ureter, urinary, urethra

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

Question 15

Male reproductive

Answer 15

Prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens

Function is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone. Male ducts and glands aid in the delivery of sperm to female reproductive tract.

Question 16

Female reproductive

Answer 16

Mammary glands (in breasts), uterus, vagina, ovary, uterus tube

Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. Remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn.

Question 17

Regional Terms

Answer 17

Axial: main axis of body (head, neck, trunk)
Appendicular: appendages or limbs (attached to axis)

Question 18

Sagittal

Answer 18

Vertical plane that divides body into left and right parts.
Midsagittal: lies exactly in median plane
Parasagittal: all other sagittal planes offset from the midline

Question 19

Frontal (coronal)

Answer 19

Lie vertically an divide body into anterior and posterior

Question 20

Transverse (horizontal)

Answer 20

Runs horizontally from right to left, dividing body into superior and inferior parts. Also called a cross section.

Question 21

Oblique

Answer 21

Cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes. (seldom used)

Question 22

Dorsal cavity

Answer 22

Protects fragile nervous system organs
Cranial cavity: encases brain
Vertebral or Spinal cavity: contains spinal cord
Both subdivisions are continuous with each other.

Question 23

Ventral cavity

Answer 23

Thoracic cavity
Lateral pleural cavities
Medial mediastinum: contains pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
**Collectively called the viscera (an organ in a body cavity) or visceral organs

Question 24

Serosa

Answer 24

Covers the walls of the ventral body cavity.
Thin, double-layered membrane
Parietal serosa: part of the membrane lining the cavity walls
Folds onto itself to form the visceral serosa, covering the organs in the cavity
Serous fluid: thin layer of lubricating fluid secreted by both membranes that separates serous membranes