A/P Lect 3 Flashcards
function of glycoprotein “glycocalyx” and potential dangers
- ID tage for Immune system
if increased conc d/t diabetes, immune system can get confused, autoimmune - (-)charge on carb groups acts as protein repulsion so they dont get stuck to cell wall
Example of something that has integral/peripheral protein
GPCR
unsaturated fat has what type of bonds
double bonds
saturated fatty acid has what type of bonds
single bonds
phospholipids are what __________, meaning it has a charged and uncharged area
amphipathic
fluidity in cell membrane comes from?
-# of double bonds in phospholipid bilayer
-cholesterol at low temperatures
importance of micelle, what is it and what is it used for?
sphere of amphipathic lipids, ability to transport lipid-soluble drugs and as lipid rescue for some paralytics
Importance of Phosphatidylinositol
Important for regular smooth muscle contractions
actssignaling compound by itself, since free inositol can be phosphorylated
importance of phosphatidyl-serine
ID for self vs non-self
usually seen on inside of human cells, if outside its usually d/t enzyme deficiency
importance of phosphotidylcholine
choline important for acetylcholine (neuromuscular neurotransmitter)
comprises surfactant to break surface tension
sphingomyelin
myelin sheath for neurons
name important precurors in cell membrane
Arachidonic acid
phosphotidylinositol
phosphotidlyserine
phosphotidylethanolamine
phosphotidylcholine
sphingomyelin
cholesterol
crucial step in cholesterol synthesis and target for statins
HMG-CoA Reductase
transport of cholesterol by which molecules
LDL, HDL, VLDL
How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity
reduce fluidity at body temp, and increase fluidity at lower temp
Why does changing diet not matter AS MUCH in context of cholesterol?
20% of cholesterol is from diet, 80% is endogenous, so its genetically predetermined,
acetyl CoA helps produce cholesterol :)
cholesterol and arachidonic acid has what?
an OH group as a handle to be pulled from the cell membrane
list of cholesterol metabolites
pregnenolone
progesterone
corticosterone
aldosterone
testosterone
-sterone?
androstenedione
cortisol
estradiol
which metabolite is a mineralocorticoid? glucocorticoid? female hormone?
mineral: aldosterone
gluco: cortisol
female: progesterone
what are main differences between COX 1 and COX 2
COX1: widespread, more for inflammation/blood clotting
COX2: not widespread, inducible for pain
which prostaglandins are important in context for an MI
PGE2, PGI12, PGF12a, PGD2
mechanism of aspirin
primarily inhibiting COX 1, can inhibit COX 2 at higher doses?
importance of PGI2
vasodilation, good for pulm HTN, increases renal blood flow
Which enzyme converts arachidonic acid into leukotrienes
lipoxygenase
which enzyme converts arachidonic acid to HETEs and EETs
Cytochrome P450, Epoxygenase
COX 2 inhibition adverse effects?
decreased renal blood flow, and severity of MI
