A/P Lect 3

Question 1

function of glycoprotein “glycocalyx” and potential dangers

Answer 1

• ID tage for Immune system
  if increased conc d/t diabetes, immune system can get confused, autoimmune
• (-)charge on carb groups acts as protein repulsion so they dont get stuck to cell wall

Question 2

Example of something that has integral/peripheral protein

Answer 2

GPCR

Question 3

unsaturated fat has what type of bonds

Answer 3

double bonds

Question 4

saturated fatty acid has what type of bonds

Answer 4

single bonds

Question 5

phospholipids are what __________, meaning it has a charged and uncharged area

Answer 5

amphipathic

Question 6

fluidity in cell membrane comes from?

Answer 6

-# of double bonds in phospholipid bilayer
-cholesterol at low temperatures

Question 7

importance of micelle, what is it and what is it used for?

Answer 7

sphere of amphipathic lipids, ability to transport lipid-soluble drugs and as lipid rescue for some paralytics

Question 8

Importance of Phosphatidylinositol

Answer 8

Important for regular smooth muscle contractions

actssignaling compound by itself, since free inositol can be phosphorylated

Question 9

importance of phosphatidyl-serine

Answer 9

ID for self vs non-self

usually seen on inside of human cells, if outside its usually d/t enzyme deficiency

Question 10

importance of phosphotidylcholine

Answer 10

choline important for acetylcholine (neuromuscular neurotransmitter)

comprises surfactant to break surface tension

Question 11

sphingomyelin

Answer 11

myelin sheath for neurons

Question 12

name important precurors in cell membrane

Answer 12

Arachidonic acid
phosphotidylinositol
phosphotidlyserine
phosphotidylethanolamine
phosphotidylcholine
sphingomyelin
cholesterol

Question 13

crucial step in cholesterol synthesis and target for statins

Answer 13

HMG-CoA Reductase

Question 14

transport of cholesterol by which molecules

Answer 14

LDL, HDL, VLDL

Question 15

How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity

Answer 15

reduce fluidity at body temp, and increase fluidity at lower temp

Question 16

Why does changing diet not matter AS MUCH in context of cholesterol?

Answer 16

20% of cholesterol is from diet, 80% is endogenous, so its genetically predetermined,

acetyl CoA helps produce cholesterol :)

Question 17

cholesterol and arachidonic acid has what?

Answer 17

an OH group as a handle to be pulled from the cell membrane

Question 18

list of cholesterol metabolites

Answer 18

pregnenolone

progesterone
corticosterone
aldosterone
testosterone
-sterone?

androstenedione

cortisol
estradiol

Question 19

which metabolite is a mineralocorticoid? glucocorticoid? female hormone?

Answer 19

mineral: aldosterone
gluco: cortisol
female: progesterone

Question 20

what are main differences between COX 1 and COX 2

Answer 20

COX1: widespread, more for inflammation/blood clotting

COX2: not widespread, inducible for pain

Question 21

which prostaglandins are important in context for an MI

Answer 21

PGE2, PGI12, PGF12a, PGD2

Question 22

mechanism of aspirin

Answer 22

primarily inhibiting COX 1, can inhibit COX 2 at higher doses?

Question 23

importance of PGI2

Answer 23

vasodilation, good for pulm HTN, increases renal blood flow

Question 24

Which enzyme converts arachidonic acid into leukotrienes

Answer 24

lipoxygenase

Question 25

which enzyme converts arachidonic acid to HETEs and EETs

Answer 25

Cytochrome P450, Epoxygenase

Question 26

COX 2 inhibition adverse effects?

Answer 26

decreased renal blood flow, and severity of MI