A/p lect 1

Question 1

Na ECF and ICF concentrations/ gradient scale

Answer 1

10: 1
ICF: 14
ECF: 140

Question 2

K ECF and ICF concentrations/ gradient scale

Answer 2

35:1
ICF: 140
ECF: 4

Question 3

HCO3, Bicarb ECF and ICF/ Conc gradients?

Answer 3

ECF: 24
ICF: 10

Question 4

phosphocreatine higher in ICF or ECF?

Answer 4

ICF

Question 5

total mOsm/L, double which conc?

Answer 5

300
double the Na conc.

Question 5

Protein higher in ICF or ECF?

Answer 5

ICF

Question 6

corrected osmolar activity (mOsm/L)

Answer 6

282.0

Question 7

Mg higher in ICF or ECF?

Answer 7

ICF

Question 8

high speed highway portion of the ECF

Answer 8

Circulatory system

Question 9

who coined the phrase of describing the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment? and when lol

Answer 9

Walter Cannon 1871-1945

Question 10

______ is a result of all sorts of different control systems keeping a steady state

Answer 10

homeostasis

Question 11

CO is how much?

Answer 11

5L/min

Question 12

CV system is done at 2 speeds, one is high speed and one is low and which level?

Answer 12

capillaries where diffusion happens

Question 13

How does ventilation work in a negative feedback system

Answer 13

increase in CO2 -> CO2 sensors –> brainstem senses –>increases ventilation –> decreases CO2

Question 14

ANP

Answer 14

released from atria in heart, causes vasodilation and diuresis

Question 15

BNP

Answer 15

released from ventricles, causes vasodilation and diuresis

Question 16

what are good examples of positive feedback system

Answer 16

labor (oxytocin)
Blood clotting (TXA2)
Action potentials (Na)

Question 17

Bad examples of positive feedback system

Answer 17

severe acidosis: failing respiratory drive
diabetic renal inflammation
atherosclerotic plaque clotting

Question 18

Why does acidosis increase risk of tissues becoming more acidotic? (positive feedback loop)

Answer 18

change in pH of environment will interfere with enzymes—» ATP deficiency–» more risk of acidosis

Question 19

How much blood can we lose and still compensate? how much is too much?

Answer 19

1 Liter (20%) is ok
2 Liter (40%) not ok

Question 20

what form is DNA in nucleus

Answer 20

unravelled

Question 21

nucleus wall is what structure?

Answer 21

double phospholipid bilayer

Question 22

Rough ER function

Answer 22

embedded with ribosome since primary fx is producing proteins from mRNA

Question 23

Smooth ER function

Answer 23

producing lipids

Question 24

golgi apparatus does what to proteins

Answer 24

folds/modify proteins to make them biologically active

Question 25

Sequence of DNA to protein:

Answer 25

DNA transcribed to mRNA in nucleus, mRNA then transported out to ribosome in rough ER and translatedd into protein, overall function dependent on how its folded in golgi apparatus, an then shipped to cell wall

Question 26

majority of ribosomes are where?

Answer 26

on ER, some are free floating