A/p lect 1 Flashcards
Na ECF and ICF concentrations/ gradient scale
10: 1
ICF: 14
ECF: 140
K ECF and ICF concentrations/ gradient scale
35:1
ICF: 140
ECF: 4
HCO3, Bicarb ECF and ICF/ Conc gradients?
ECF: 24
ICF: 10
phosphocreatine higher in ICF or ECF?
ICF
total mOsm/L, double which conc?
300
double the Na conc.
Protein higher in ICF or ECF?
ICF
corrected osmolar activity (mOsm/L)
282.0
Mg higher in ICF or ECF?
ICF
high speed highway portion of the ECF
Circulatory system
who coined the phrase of describing the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment? and when lol
Walter Cannon 1871-1945
______ is a result of all sorts of different control systems keeping a steady state
homeostasis
CO is how much?
5L/min
CV system is done at 2 speeds, one is high speed and one is low and which level?
capillaries where diffusion happens
How does ventilation work in a negative feedback system
increase in CO2 -> CO2 sensors –> brainstem senses –>increases ventilation –> decreases CO2
ANP
released from atria in heart, causes vasodilation and diuresis
BNP
released from ventricles, causes vasodilation and diuresis
what are good examples of positive feedback system
labor (oxytocin)
Blood clotting (TXA2)
Action potentials (Na)
Bad examples of positive feedback system
severe acidosis: failing respiratory drive
diabetic renal inflammation
atherosclerotic plaque clotting
Why does acidosis increase risk of tissues becoming more acidotic? (positive feedback loop)
change in pH of environment will interfere with enzymes—» ATP deficiency–» more risk of acidosis
How much blood can we lose and still compensate? how much is too much?
1 Liter (20%) is ok
2 Liter (40%) not ok
what form is DNA in nucleus
unravelled
nucleus wall is what structure?
double phospholipid bilayer
Rough ER function
embedded with ribosome since primary fx is producing proteins from mRNA
Smooth ER function
producing lipids
golgi apparatus does what to proteins
folds/modify proteins to make them biologically active
Sequence of DNA to protein:
DNA transcribed to mRNA in nucleus, mRNA then transported out to ribosome in rough ER and translatedd into protein, overall function dependent on how its folded in golgi apparatus, an then shipped to cell wall
majority of ribosomes are where?
on ER, some are free floating
