A/P exam 2 concepts Flashcards

1
Q

C1 and C2 anatomical differences

A

C1 has no vertebral body and no spinous process, while C2 has both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the synapses that occur in the DCML pathway from a single stimuli in the foot

A
  • Sensory information from the foot travels through peripheral sensory receptors (e.g., Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and muscle spindles) to the dorsal root ganglion
  • the axon from the dorsal root ganglion enters into the fasciculus gracilis tract and immediately ascends
  • the first neuron then synapses with a second neuron in the fasciculus nuclei, the second neuron crosses over (all happening within lower medulla)
  • neuron then synapses with a third neuron in thalamus, that neuron projects to the postcentral gyrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

internal capsule is shared by which two pathways

A

DCML and lateral corticospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A beta fibers seen where

A

DCML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A delta fibers seen where

A

fast pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

C fibers seen where

A

slow pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the nervous supporting cells

A

astrocytes, oligodendrites/schwann, glial, ependymal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what kind of senses do bipolar neurons detect

A

special senses, retina, photoreceptors, vision sensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of senses do pseudounipolar neurons detect?

A

sensory, pressure, touch, vibration, (sounds like DCML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Trabeculae

A

columns that allow CSF, larger vessels to not get occluded, located in subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much csf is in subarachnoid space, ventricles, and in total?

A

120ml in subarachnoid
30ml in ventricles
150ml total in adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how much glucose in CSF?

A

30% less glucose in csf than blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much potassium in CSF?

A

40% Less potassium in CSF compared to the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much chloride in CSF?

A

140 in CSF, equal to sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much magnesium in CSF?

A

more in csf than rest of extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much sodium in CSF?

A

140 in CSF

17
Q

pH in CSF

18
Q

connection between the third and fourth ventricle.

A

Cerebral aqueduct
Aqueduct of Sylvius

19
Q

Exit point from the base of the 4th ventricle

A

the central canal

20
Q

Both lateral ventricles empty into the third ventricle through?

A

interventricular foramen
Foramen of Monroe

21
Q

opening at end of lateral horn of 4th ventricles?

A

Lateral apertures
Foramen of Luschka

22
Q

middle exit of 4th ventricle

A

median aperture
Foramen of Magendie

23
Q

antlanto-occipital ligaments

A

theres anterior and posterior, they both connect atlas and occipital bone

24
Q

external occipital protuberance

A

attachment point for nuchal ligament

25
vertebral prominens made of?
C7 and T1
26
where are the connection points for floating ribs
T11 and T12
27
costal tubercle
part of the rib that binds to the transverse process of vertebra
28
costotransverse joint is made up of?
costal tubercle and costal facet of transverse process
29
where is the flattening of vertebra
T5-T8
30
Which ribs do not have a tubercle joint
ribs 11, 12
31
insertion point for inguinal ligament
anterior superior iliac spine
32
purpose of the iliolumbar ligament
connects top of pelvis to L4/L5 on transverse process
33
purpose of sacrococcygeal ligament and considerations
connect coccyx to sacrum, theres an anterior and posterior, the posterior one could be impediment to accessing the sacral hiatus
34
cervical enlargement
C3-C6
35
high spinal block considerations
harder time further up you go since more ANS is cut out, so harder time controlling BP
36
vestibulospinal extrapyramidal tract
allows us to assess our rotational acceleration. would help us with our body position and your eye fixation only capable of sensing if our rotation is changing. *If we're spinning at a constant rate, at some point, our vestibular system equilibrates with that rotation,
37
Olivospinal extrapyramidal tract
helps the cerebellum to control and fine tune complex movements.
38
Reticulospinal extra pyramidal tract
regulates skeletal muscle tone.
39
Rubrospinal tract
modulation of voluntary movement. fluid motion