A&P Lab Flashcards
Origin and insertion
Origin - fixed point of attachment of a muscle to bone
Insertion - movable point of attachment
Usually origin is proximal to insertion
Abduction and adduction
abduction – movement away from the body’s midline
adduction – movement towards the body’s midline
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion - flexion at ankle (making the foot perpendicular to the leg)
Plantar flexion - extension at ankle (making the foot align with the leg)
Agonist
the prime mover
mostly responsible for producing particular movement
Antagonist
opposes movement of particular agonist
Synergist
Smaller muscle that assists larger agonist
Fixator
Synergist that assists agonist by preventing movement at another joint
Muscles that Move pectoral girdle
Serratus anterior Subclavius Pectoralis minor Rhomboid major/minor Levator Scapulae (last three are deep to the trapezius) Trapezius
Muscles that move the arm
Deltoid Pectoralis major Supraspinatus Subscapularis (and teres major) Infraspinatus (and teres minor) Coracobrachialis Latissimus dorsi Teres Major (Rotator Cuff) Teres Minor
What are muscles involved in supination and pronation?
Supinator and pronator teres (originates on humerus and ulna, rotates ulna) Pronator quadratus (orginates on ulna, assists pronator teres in opposing actions of supinator or biceps brachii)
Muscles that move forearm
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps Brachii (Your supinators and pronators) Supinator Pronator Teres Pronator quadratus
Muscles that move wrist, hand, and fingers
Flexors of wrist
Extensors of wrist
Intrinsic Muscles Of the Hand
Subclavius
causes depression and protraction at pectoral girdle
Pectoralis Minor
causes depression and protraction at scapula
Trapezius
causes protraction at scapula
Levator Scapulae, Trapezius
causes elevation at scapula
Rhomboid Major/Minor
causes medial/downward Rotation of scapula
Pectoralis major, Latissimus Dorsi, Coracobrachialis
causes adduction at shoulder
Deltoid
causes abduction at shoulder
Teres Major
causes medial rotation at shoulder
Teres Minor
causes lateral rotation at shoulder
Infraspinatous
causes lateral rotation of brachium at shoulder
Subscapularis
causes medial rotation of brachium at shoulder
Biceps Brachii, Brachioradialis
causes flexion of forearm at humeroulnar/humeroradial joint
Triceps Brachii
causes extension of forearm at humerorulnar/humeroradial joint
Supinator
causes supination of forearm at radiocarpal joint
Protonator Teres, Pronator Quadratus
causes protonation of forearm at radiocarpal joint