Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAB > 9b. Neurobiology of Emotion and Conditioning > Flashcards

9b. Neurobiology of Emotion and Conditioning Flashcards

1
Q

Emotional Behaviour

- Definition

A

Behaviour that is driven by the need to fulfil goals, both internal and social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Emotional Behaviour

- 5 Basic Emotions

A
  • Fear
  • Sadness
  • Anger
  • Happiness
  • Disgust
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Emotional Behaviour

- 5 Complex Behaviours and their Deriving Behaviours

A
  • Embarrassment and worry (fear)
  • Grief (sadness)
  • Envy, jealousy and contempt
  • Joy, love and nostalgia (happiness)
  • Guilt and shame (disgust)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Emotional Behaviour

- Study

A

Begun by Charles Darwin in 1972

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emotional Behaviour

- Principle of Antithesis

A

The principle of antithesis was suggested by Charles Darwin, and states that behavioural displays conveying opposite intent should be and are highly distinguishable from each other
- Displays of submission and aggression are highly different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Emotional Behaviour

- 2D Model of Behaviour

A

Developed by Rolls in 1990

States that emotional behaviours all stem from presence or absence of appetitive and aversive reinforcers.

Additional dimension of prediction/expectation of appetitive or aversive reinforcers, where loss of expected reinforcers affects emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Emotional Behaviour

- 3 Components

A
  • Subjective
  • Behavioural
  • Physiological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neural Basis of Emotion

- Sham Rage Definition

A

Brief, poorly-directed rage response triggered by non-specific stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neural Basis of Emotion

- Sham Rage Induction

A
  • Removal of the cerebral cortex
  • Stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus
  • Lesions to the limbic cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neural Basis of Emotion

- Rage

A
  • Posterior hypothalamus is critical for the coordination of the rage response
  • Lateral hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Limbic System

- Components

A
  • Cingulate cortex (frontal lobe)
  • Orbitofrontal cortex (frontal lobe)
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampal formation
  • Parahippocampal gyrus (medial temporal lobe)
  • Septal nuclei (basal forebrain)
  • Mammillary bodies
  • Hypothalamus
  • Anterior and medial thalamic nuclei (diencephalon)
  • Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum (basal ganglia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Limbic System

- Cingulate Cortex

A
  • Emotional significance of stimuli

- Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Limbic System

- Ventral Striatum

A
  • Motivation

- Goal directed and habit learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Limbic System

- Orbitofrontal Cortex

A
  • Emotional stimuli influence on behaviour

- Value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Limbic System

- Hippocampus

A
  • Emotional and episodic memory

- Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Limbic System

- Papez Circuit

A
  1. Cingulate gyrus
  2. Hippocampal formation

Fornix

  1. Mammillary body

Mammillo-thalamic tract

  1. Anterior thalamic nuclei
17
Q

Limbic System

- Klüver Bucy Syndrome Cause

A

Bilateral removal of the temporal lobes

- Due to loss of amygdala

18
Q

Limbic System

- Klüver Bucy Syndrome Clinical Signs

A
  • Tameness
  • Fearlessness
  • Psychic blindness - inability to recognise familiar objects
  • Hyperorality
  • Hypersexuality
  • Hypermetamorphysis - react to every visual stimuli
  • Difficulties with memory
19
Q

Limbic System

- Brain Structures Associated with Emotion

A
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
  • Thalamus
20
Q

Amygdala

- Role

A
  • Emotional processing

- Learning the relevance of emotionally salient stimuli

21
Q

Auditory Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

- Lesion Studies

A

Lesioning the auditory cortex = no effect

Lesioning the auditory thalamus = inhibited Pavlovian fear conditioning

Lesioning the auditory midbrain = inhibited Pavlovian fear conditioning

Lesioning basolateral or central amygdala in the auditory thalamus = inhibited Pavlovian fear conditioning

22
Q

Amygdala

- Divisions

A
  • Corticomedial division
  • Basolateral division
  • Central nucleus
23
Q

Amygdala

- Corticomedial Division Nuclei

A
  • Cortical nucleus

- Medial nucleus

24
Q

Amygdala

- Basolateral Division Nuclei

A
  • Basolateral nucleus
  • Lateral nucleus
  • Basal nucleus
25
Q

Amygdala

- Corticomedial Division Role

A

Olfactory information, particularly pheromones, influence behaviour

26
Q

Amygdala

- Basolateral Division Lesions

A

Impair fear conditioning

27
Q

Fear Conditioning

- Neuronal Process

A

Requires long-term potentiation,

28
Q

NMDA Channel Blocker

A

D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaerate (AVP)

Blocks long-term potentiation and therefore fear conditioning.

29
Q

Amygdala

- Central Nuclei Lesions

A

Impair fear conditioning

30
Q

Hippocampus

- Role

A
  • Contextual conditioning
31
Q

Contextual Conditioning

A

Requires:

  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
32
Q

Cued Conditioning

A

Requires:

- Amygdala

33
Q

Anxiolytic Drugs

- Use

A

Treat chronic fear states and anxiety

34
Q

Anxiolytic Drugs

- Examples

A
  • Benzodiazepines such as diazepam
35
Q

Anxiolytic Drugs

- Benzodiazepines

A

Increase the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

36
Q

Measuring Anxiety

A

Elevated plus maze

- Anxious rats spend more time in the closed arm

37
Q

Benzodiazepine Antagonist

A

Flumazenil

NAB (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions