2c. Structure of the Brain Flashcards
Forebrain
- 2 Components
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Diencephalon
- 2 Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
- Role
Regulates cerebral cortical activity through direct connection
Hypothalamus
- Role
Regulates:
- Endocrine secretion of organs
- Arousal
- Homeostasis
- Motivation
Cerebral Cortex
- Bilateral Connection
Corpus callosum
Cerebral Cortex
- 4 Lobes
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
Frontal Lobe
- Role
Large in man
Higher cognitive function such as planning, motivation, decisions and action
Frontal Lobe
- Damage
- Difficulty planning and decision making
- Problems with modifiying habitual or learning behaviours
- Antisocial/impulsive behaviour or personality changes
Parietal Lobe
- Role
High level sensory processing, through integrating sensory signals, making it important in spatial awareness
Parietal Lobe
- Damage
- Disorders of sensory information
- Losses of spatial awareness
Occipital Lobe
- Role
Involved almost exclusively in processing vision
Temporal Lobe
- Role
- Hearing
- Balance
- Language
- Recognition
- Memory (large in elephants)
Temporal Lobe
- Damage
- Disorders of recognition
- Disorders of declarative memory
- Diseases such as dementia
Brain Fissures
- 6
- Central sulucs
- Longitudinal fissure
- Transverse fissure
- Lateral fissure
- Rhinal sulcus
Centreal Sulcus
Cruciate sulcus in animals
Separates partial and frontal lobe
Longitudinal Sulcus
Separates the cerebral hemispheres
Contains the fax cerebri
Transverse Fissure
Separates the cerebrum and cerebellum
Contains the tentorium cerebelii
Lateral Fissure
Sylvian fissure
Separates the temporal and parietal lobes
Rhinal Sulcus
Separates the olfactory and frontal lobe
Primary Cortical Areas
- 4
- Primary visual cortex
- Primary auditory cortex
- Primary somatosensory cortex
- Primary Motor cortex
Primary Motor Cortex
- Location
Frontal lobe
Primary Motor Cortex
- Pathway
Motor cortex contains upper motor neurones of the corticospinal tract, which pass through:
- Internal capsule
- Crura cerebri
- Pyramids
- Spinal cord
Primary motor Cortex
- Damage
Damage causes paralysis
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
- Location
Rostral part of the parietal lobe
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
- Pathway
Touch and taste sensation passes up through: - Spinal cord - Pyramids - Crura cerebrii This is mapped onto the sensory cortex
Primary Visual Cortex
- Location
Occipital lobe
Primary Visual Cortex
- Function
Carries out visual processing
Primary Visual Cortex
- Damage
Clinically blind
Primary Auditory Cortex
- Location
Dorsal part of the temporal lobe
Primary Auditory Cortex
- Damage
Bilateral damage leaves you clinically deaf
Telecephalon
- 3 Structures
- Cerebral cortex
- Basal ganglia
- Amygdala
Basal Ganglia
- Role
Movement
Choosing Movement
Motivation
Amygdala
- 1 3 Role
Emotion
Brainstem
- 3 Roles
- Basic autonomic function
- Postural reflexes
- Basic motor patterns
Brainstem
- 2 Components
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Hindbrain
- 3 Structures
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
- Role
Coordinating movement
Cerebellum
- Damage
- Bulbar palsy
- Corticobulbar degeneration
- Viral infection
Cerebellum
- Viral Infection
Viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease in fatal calves causes cerebellar dysfunction in the neonate, preventing balance
Feline panleukopaenia infection in fetal cats causes cerebellar hypoplasia.
Feline panleukopaenia is normally vaccinated against
Midbrain
- Structures
- Fibres running between the forebrain and hindbrain
- Rostral and caudal colliculi
Colliculi
- Roles
Rostral colliculus:
Primitive processing structure for visual information
Caudal colliculus:
Primitive processing centre for auditory information
Colliculi
- Location
Dorsal surface of the midbrain
