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NAB > 2c. Structure of the Brain > Flashcards

2c. Structure of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Forebrain

- 2 Components

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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2
Q

Diencephalon

- 2 Structures

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

Thalamus

- Role

A

Regulates cerebral cortical activity through direct connection

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4
Q

Hypothalamus

- Role

A

Regulates:

  • Endocrine secretion of organs
  • Arousal
  • Homeostasis
  • Motivation
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5
Q

Cerebral Cortex

- Bilateral Connection

A

Corpus callosum

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6
Q

Cerebral Cortex

- 4 Lobes

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
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7
Q

Frontal Lobe

- Role

A

Large in man

Higher cognitive function such as planning, motivation, decisions and action

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8
Q

Frontal Lobe

- Damage

A
  • Difficulty planning and decision making
  • Problems with modifiying habitual or learning behaviours
  • Antisocial/impulsive behaviour or personality changes
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9
Q

Parietal Lobe

- Role

A

High level sensory processing, through integrating sensory signals, making it important in spatial awareness

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10
Q

Parietal Lobe

- Damage

A
  • Disorders of sensory information

- Losses of spatial awareness

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11
Q

Occipital Lobe

- Role

A

Involved almost exclusively in processing vision

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12
Q

Temporal Lobe

- Role

A
  • Hearing
  • Balance
  • Language
  • Recognition
  • Memory (large in elephants)
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13
Q

Temporal Lobe

- Damage

A
  • Disorders of recognition
  • Disorders of declarative memory
  • Diseases such as dementia
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14
Q

Brain Fissures

- 6

A
  • Central sulucs
  • Longitudinal fissure
  • Transverse fissure
  • Lateral fissure
  • Rhinal sulcus
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15
Q

Centreal Sulcus

A

Cruciate sulcus in animals

Separates partial and frontal lobe

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16
Q

Longitudinal Sulcus

A

Separates the cerebral hemispheres

Contains the fax cerebri

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17
Q

Transverse Fissure

A

Separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

Contains the tentorium cerebelii

18
Q

Lateral Fissure

A

Sylvian fissure

Separates the temporal and parietal lobes

19
Q

Rhinal Sulcus

A

Separates the olfactory and frontal lobe

20
Q

Primary Cortical Areas

- 4

A
  • Primary visual cortex
  • Primary auditory cortex
  • Primary somatosensory cortex
  • Primary Motor cortex
21
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

- Location

A

Frontal lobe

22
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

- Pathway

A

Motor cortex contains upper motor neurones of the corticospinal tract, which pass through:

  • Internal capsule
  • Crura cerebri
  • Pyramids
  • Spinal cord
23
Q

Primary motor Cortex

- Damage

A

Damage causes paralysis

24
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

- Location

A

Rostral part of the parietal lobe

25
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

- Pathway

A 
Touch and taste sensation passes up through:
- Spinal cord
- Pyramids
- Crura cerebrii
This is mapped onto the sensory cortex
26
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

- Location

A

Occipital lobe

27
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

- Function

A

Carries out visual processing

28
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

- Damage

A

Clinically blind

29
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

- Location

A

Dorsal part of the temporal lobe

30
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

- Damage

A

Bilateral damage leaves you clinically deaf

31
Q

Telecephalon

- 3 Structures

A
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Basal ganglia
  • Amygdala
32
Q

Basal Ganglia

- Role

A

Movement
Choosing Movement
Motivation

33
Q

Amygdala

- 1 3 Role

A

Emotion

34
Q

Brainstem

- 3 Roles

A
  • Basic autonomic function
  • Postural reflexes
  • Basic motor patterns
35
Q

Brainstem

- 2 Components

A

Midbrain

Hindbrain

36
Q

Hindbrain

- 3 Structures

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata

37
Q

Cerebellum

- Role

A

Coordinating movement

38
Q

Cerebellum

- Damage

A
  • Bulbar palsy
  • Corticobulbar degeneration
  • Viral infection
39
Q

Cerebellum

- Viral Infection

A

Viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease in fatal calves causes cerebellar dysfunction in the neonate, preventing balance

Feline panleukopaenia infection in fetal cats causes cerebellar hypoplasia.
Feline panleukopaenia is normally vaccinated against

40
Q

Midbrain

- Structures

A
  • Fibres running between the forebrain and hindbrain

- Rostral and caudal colliculi

41
Q

Colliculi

- Roles

A

Rostral colliculus:
Primitive processing structure for visual information

Caudal colliculus:
Primitive processing centre for auditory information

42
Q

Colliculi

- Location

A

Dorsal surface of the midbrain

NAB (37 decks)

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