2c. Structure of the Brain

Question 1

Forebrain

- 2 Components

Answer 1

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Question 2

Diencephalon

- 2 Structures

Answer 2

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Thalamus

- Role

Answer 3

Regulates cerebral cortical activity through direct connection

Question 4

Hypothalamus

- Role

Answer 4

Regulates:

• Endocrine secretion of organs
• Arousal
• Homeostasis
• Motivation

Question 5

Cerebral Cortex

- Bilateral Connection

Answer 5

Corpus callosum

Question 6

Cerebral Cortex

- 4 Lobes

Answer 6

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Occipital
• Temporal

Question 7

Frontal Lobe

- Role

Answer 7

Large in man

Higher cognitive function such as planning, motivation, decisions and action

Question 8

Frontal Lobe

- Damage

Answer 8

• Difficulty planning and decision making
• Problems with modifiying habitual or learning behaviours
• Antisocial/impulsive behaviour or personality changes

Question 9

Parietal Lobe

- Role

Answer 9

High level sensory processing, through integrating sensory signals, making it important in spatial awareness

Question 10

Parietal Lobe

- Damage

Answer 10

• Disorders of sensory information

- Losses of spatial awareness

Question 11

Occipital Lobe

- Role

Answer 11

Involved almost exclusively in processing vision

Question 12

Temporal Lobe

- Role

Answer 12

• Hearing
• Balance
• Language
• Recognition
• Memory (large in elephants)

Question 13

Temporal Lobe

- Damage

Answer 13

• Disorders of recognition
• Disorders of declarative memory
• Diseases such as dementia

Question 14

Brain Fissures

- 6

Answer 14

• Central sulucs
• Longitudinal fissure
• Transverse fissure
• Lateral fissure
• Rhinal sulcus

Question 15

Centreal Sulcus

Answer 15

Cruciate sulcus in animals

Separates partial and frontal lobe

Question 16

Longitudinal Sulcus

Answer 16

Separates the cerebral hemispheres

Contains the fax cerebri

Question 17

Transverse Fissure

Answer 17

Separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

Contains the tentorium cerebelii

Question 18

Lateral Fissure

Answer 18

Sylvian fissure

Separates the temporal and parietal lobes

Question 19

Rhinal Sulcus

Answer 19

Separates the olfactory and frontal lobe

Question 20

Primary Cortical Areas

- 4

Answer 20

• Primary visual cortex
• Primary auditory cortex
• Primary somatosensory cortex
• Primary Motor cortex

Question 21

Primary Motor Cortex

- Location

Answer 21

Frontal lobe

Question 22

Primary Motor Cortex

- Pathway

Answer 22

Motor cortex contains upper motor neurones of the corticospinal tract, which pass through:

• Internal capsule
• Crura cerebri
• Pyramids
• Spinal cord

Question 23

Primary motor Cortex

- Damage

Answer 23

Damage causes paralysis

Question 24

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

- Location

Answer 24

Rostral part of the parietal lobe

Question 25

Primary Somatosensory Cortex | - Pathway

Answer 25

``` Touch and taste sensation passes up through: - Spinal cord - Pyramids - Crura cerebrii This is mapped onto the sensory cortex ```

Question 26

Primary Visual Cortex | - Location

Answer 26

Occipital lobe

Question 27

Primary Visual Cortex | - Function

Answer 27

Carries out visual processing

Question 28

Primary Visual Cortex | - Damage

Answer 28

Clinically blind

Question 29

Primary Auditory Cortex | - Location

Answer 29

Dorsal part of the temporal lobe

Question 30

Primary Auditory Cortex | - Damage

Answer 30

Bilateral damage leaves you clinically deaf

Question 31

Telecephalon | - 3 Structures

Answer 31

- Cerebral cortex - Basal ganglia - Amygdala

Question 32

Basal Ganglia | - Role

Answer 32

Movement Choosing Movement Motivation

Question 33

Amygdala | - 1 3 Role

Answer 33

Emotion

Question 34

Brainstem | - 3 Roles

Answer 34

- Basic autonomic function - Postural reflexes - Basic motor patterns

Question 35

Brainstem | - 2 Components

Answer 35

Midbrain | Hindbrain

Question 36

Hindbrain | - 3 Structures

Answer 36

Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata

Question 37

Cerebellum | - Role

Answer 37

Coordinating movement

Question 38

Cerebellum | - Damage

Answer 38

- Bulbar palsy - Corticobulbar degeneration - Viral infection

Question 39

Cerebellum | - Viral Infection

Answer 39

Viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease in fatal calves causes cerebellar dysfunction in the neonate, preventing balance Feline panleukopaenia infection in fetal cats causes cerebellar hypoplasia. Feline panleukopaenia is normally vaccinated against

Question 40

Midbrain | - Structures

Answer 40

- Fibres running between the forebrain and hindbrain | - Rostral and caudal colliculi

Question 41

Colliculi | - Roles

Answer 41

Rostral colliculus: Primitive processing structure for visual information Caudal colliculus: Primitive processing centre for auditory information

Question 42

Colliculi | - Location

Answer 42

Dorsal surface of the midbrain