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NAB > 1c. Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

1c. Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Electrical Transmission

- 3 Locations

A
  • CNS synapses
  • Cardiac myocytes
  • Some retinal cells
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2
Q

Electrical Transmission

- 3 Disadvantages

A
  • Need a large presynaptic terminal to get depolarisation
  • Bidirectional signalling
  • Limited range of information communicated
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3
Q

Electrical Transmission

- 1 Advantage

A
  • Rapid
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4
Q

Chemical Transmission

- Advantages

A
  • Unidirectional signalling

- Wide range of information communicated

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5
Q

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters

- 3

A
  • Glutamate
  • GABA
  • Glycine
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6
Q

Glutamate

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:

  • AMPA
  • NMDA

Metabotrophic receptors:
- MGluR 1-5

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7
Q

Glutamate

- Transmitter Type

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter

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8
Q

GABA

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:
- GABA-A receptor

Metabotrophic receptors
- GABA-B receptor

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9
Q

GABA

- Transmitter Type

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter

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10
Q

Glycine

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:
- Glycine receptor

No metabotrophic receptor

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11
Q

Glycine

- Transmitter Type

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter

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12
Q

Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters

- 5

A
  • Acetylcholine
  • Noradrenaline
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
  • Histamine
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13
Q

Acetylcholine

- Transmitter type

A

Biogenic amine

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14
Q

Acetylcholine

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:
- Nicotinic

Metabotrophic receptors
- Muscarinic 1-5

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15
Q

Glutamate

- Role

A

Major CNS excitatory neurotransmitter

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16
Q

GABA

- Role

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

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17
Q

Glycine

- Role

A

Spinal cord inhibitory neurotransmitter

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18
Q

Noradrenaline

- Transmitter Type

A

Biogenic amine

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19
Q

Noradrenaline

- Receptors

A

No ionotrophic receptors

Metabotrophic receptors:

  • α 1-2
  • β 1-2
20
Q

Noradrenaline

- Location

A

Locus coeruleus

21
Q

Dopamine

- Transmitter Type

A

Biogenic amine

22
Q

Dopamine

- Receptors

A

No ionotrophic receptors

Metabotrophic receptors:

  • D1 receptor
  • D2 receptor
23
Q

Dopamine

- Location

A

Substantia nigra via cAMP

24
Q

Serotonin

- Transmitter Type

A

Biogenic amine

25
Q

Serotonin

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:
- 5-HT3 receptor

Metabotrophic receptors:

  • 5-HT1
  • 5-HT2
  • 5-HT4
26
Q

Serotonin

- Location

A

Raphe nucleus

27
Q

Histamine

- Receptors

A

No ionotrophic receptors

Metabotrophic receptors
- H1-4

28
Q

Purine Neurotransmitters

- 2

A
  • ATP

- Adenosine

29
Q

ATP

- Transmitter Type

A

Purine neurotransmitter

30
Q

Adenosine

- Transmitter Type

A

Purine neurotransmitter

31
Q

ATP

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors
- P2X receptors

Metabotrophic receptors

  • P1Y
  • P2Y
32
Q

ATP

- Roles

A
  • Vascular apoptosis

- Cytokine roles

33
Q

Adenosine

- Receptors

A

No ionotrophic receptors

Metabotrophic receptors
- A1-3

34
Q

Adenosine

- Role

A

Cardiovascular roles

35
Q

Neuropeptide Neurotransmitters

- 7

A
  • Opioids
  • Pituitary
  • Secretins
  • Insulins
  • Tachykinins
  • Somatostatins
  • Gastrins
36
Q

Gaseotransmitters

- 3

A
  • NO
  • CO
  • H2S
37
Q

NO

- Receptors

A

No ionotrophic receptors

Metabotrophic receptor
- Soluble guanylyl cyclase

38
Q

CO

- receptors

A

No ionotrophic receptors

Metabotrophic receptor
- Soluble guanylyl cyclase

39
Q

NO

- Role

A

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor

40
Q

G-Protein Coupled Receptors

- 2 Advantages

A
  • Amplification

- Versatility in intracellular cascade

41
Q

AMPA vs NMDA Receptors

- Speed

A 
AMPA = fast
NMDA = slow
42
Q

AMPA vs NMDA Receptors

- Kinetics

A

AMPA obeys ohm’s law

NMDA doesn’t obey ohm’s law

43
Q

AMPA vs NMDA Receptors

- Ions

A

Relatively unselective for Na+ and K+

44
Q

AMPA vs NMDA Receptors

- Reversal potential

A

Close to and slightly positive of 0mV

45
Q

NMDA Receptors

- Non-Linear Kinetics

A

Near-linear near reversal potential
Not linear near resting potential

  • Mg2+ ions block the channel at resting potential, reducing cation influx
  • Depolarisation draws Mg2+ ions away from the pore, allowing cation influx

NAB (37 decks)

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