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NAB > 1c. Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

1c. Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Electrical Transmission

- 3 Locations

A
  • CNS synapses
  • Cardiac myocytes
  • Some retinal cells
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2
Q

Electrical Transmission

- 3 Disadvantages

A
  • Need a large presynaptic terminal to get depolarisation
  • Bidirectional signalling
  • Limited range of information communicated
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3
Q

Electrical Transmission

- 1 Advantage

A
  • Rapid
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4
Q

Chemical Transmission

- Advantages

A
  • Unidirectional signalling

- Wide range of information communicated

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5
Q

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters

- 3

A
  • Glutamate
  • GABA
  • Glycine
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6
Q

Glutamate

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:

  • AMPA
  • NMDA

Metabotrophic receptors:
- MGluR 1-5

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7
Q

Glutamate

- Transmitter Type

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter

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8
Q

GABA

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:
- GABA-A receptor

Metabotrophic receptors
- GABA-B receptor

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9
Q

GABA

- Transmitter Type

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter

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10
Q

Glycine

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:
- Glycine receptor

No metabotrophic receptor

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11
Q

Glycine

- Transmitter Type

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter

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12
Q

Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters

- 5

A
  • Acetylcholine
  • Noradrenaline
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
  • Histamine
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13
Q

Acetylcholine

- Transmitter type

A

Biogenic amine

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14
Q

Acetylcholine

- Receptors

A

Ionotrophic receptors:
- Nicotinic

Metabotrophic receptors
- Muscarinic 1-5

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15
Q

Glutamate

- Role

A

Major CNS excitatory neurotransmitter

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16
Q

GABA

- Role

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

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17
Q

Glycine

- Role

A

Spinal cord inhibitory neurotransmitter

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18
Q

Noradrenaline

- Transmitter Type

A

Biogenic amine

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19
Q

Noradrenaline

- Receptors

A

No ionotrophic receptors

Metabotrophic receptors:

  • α 1-2
  • β 1-2
20
Q

Noradrenaline

- Location

A

Locus coeruleus

21
Q

Dopamine

- Transmitter Type

A

Biogenic amine

22
Q

Dopamine

- Receptors

A

No ionotrophic receptors

Metabotrophic receptors:

  • D1 receptor
  • D2 receptor
23
Q

Dopamine

- Location

A

Substantia nigra via cAMP

24
Q

Serotonin

- Transmitter Type

A

Biogenic amine

25
Serotonin | - Receptors
Ionotrophic receptors: - 5-HT3 receptor Metabotrophic receptors: - 5-HT1 - 5-HT2 - 5-HT4
26
Serotonin | - Location
Raphe nucleus
27
Histamine | - Receptors
No ionotrophic receptors Metabotrophic receptors - H1-4
28
Purine Neurotransmitters | - 2
- ATP | - Adenosine
29
ATP | - Transmitter Type
Purine neurotransmitter
30
Adenosine | - Transmitter Type
Purine neurotransmitter
31
ATP | - Receptors
Ionotrophic receptors - P2X receptors Metabotrophic receptors - P1Y - P2Y
32
ATP | - Roles
- Vascular apoptosis | - Cytokine roles
33
Adenosine | - Receptors
No ionotrophic receptors Metabotrophic receptors - A1-3
34
Adenosine | - Role
Cardiovascular roles
35
Neuropeptide Neurotransmitters | - 7
- Opioids - Pituitary - Secretins - Insulins - Tachykinins - Somatostatins - Gastrins
36
Gaseotransmitters | - 3
- NO - CO - H2S
37
NO | - Receptors
No ionotrophic receptors Metabotrophic receptor - Soluble guanylyl cyclase
38
CO | - receptors
No ionotrophic receptors Metabotrophic receptor - Soluble guanylyl cyclase
39
NO | - Role
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor
40
G-Protein Coupled Receptors | - 2 Advantages
- Amplification | - Versatility in intracellular cascade
41
AMPA vs NMDA Receptors | - Speed
``` AMPA = fast NMDA = slow ```
42
AMPA vs NMDA Receptors | - Kinetics
AMPA obeys ohm's law | NMDA doesn't obey ohm's law
43
AMPA vs NMDA Receptors | - Ions
Relatively unselective for Na+ and K+
44
AMPA vs NMDA Receptors | - Reversal potential
Close to and slightly positive of 0mV
45
NMDA Receptors | - Non-Linear Kinetics
Near-linear near reversal potential Not linear near resting potential - Mg2+ ions block the channel at resting potential, reducing cation influx - Depolarisation draws Mg2+ ions away from the pore, allowing cation influx

NAB (37 decks)

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