9 - Prosocial behaviour Flashcards
define prosocial behaviour
action positively valued by society which benefits one or more people other than oneself
define helping behaviour
action performed with the intention to aid another
define social value orientation
extent to which an individual is pro-self orpro-social, determining how cooperative they’ll be
describe the bystander effect
fewer people intervening in an emergency because there are more people present, so we believe someone else will help and we won’t need to
what was the Kitty Genovese case
“38” witnesses saw a women get stalked and murdered but didn’t do anything although some did shout to leave her alone
limitations of the Kitty Genovese case
only 6 witnesses some of who did intervene
both attacks were on separate occasions
911 number didn’t exist
incidents at bar Kitty worked at not taken srsly
describe diffusion of responsibility
the more people there are, the less likely people are to notice, interpret the problem as one, and assume responsibility to intervene as think others will
what did the seizure experiment find about diffusion of responsibility
as the number of bystanders increased, the longer it took for them to help and the lower the likelihood of helping was
define pluralistic ignorance
wrongly assuming that others endorse a particular norm based on their actions
what is an example of pluralistic ignorance
not intervening in an emergency and perceiving intervention isn’t needed because no one else is
smoke in the room pluralistic ignorance experiment found what
people intervened most when alone, then with naive parts, then confederates
interviews with smoke in a rooom found participants thought what
didn’t know what smoke was so reported it
knew there was no fire
some thought it was an experiment
no one mentioned others’ reactions
what does the social identity perspective say about forming an identity
collective identity formed as members seen as extension of oneself and those identifying w collective more likely to help
how is identification made more likely w SI
through a common fate as “all in this together”
social identity perspective states what about emergencies
they broaden our identity level and cause us to have a sense of solidarity with each other
how does the social identity perspective explain diffusion of responsibility
social identities grant social norms which DoR can capture, and more bystanders makes non-intervening norm clearer
what did the london underground fire simulation study find out helping
crowd size didn’t predict co-operation but collective identification (shopping alone or football match) did
define bystander intervention
act of helping a person in danger/distress by those who haven’t caused it
what did the good samaritan experiment find
content of speech didn’t predict intervention but urgency did as less urgent stopped to help
what is the bystander intervention model’s criteria which all must be met
notice the event, interpret as an emergency, take responsibility, decide how to intervene, intervene
when does the BIM state we are more likely to intervene
if friends. group has drunk alcohol, bystanders are ingroup, think other bystanders will intervene
what are some limitations of the BIM
kitty genovese mistold so presence of others may actually increase helping likelihood
large group size can help due to perceived norm
being friends>strangers
being w others increases empowerment
define altruism
action performed to benefit another without concern for an external reward
modified altruism definition?
acting out of concern for another’s welfare as well as one’s own
why don’t we know if altruism actually exists
helping others always helps us in some way always if people think altruism is without benefitting ourself
