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Social > 3 - Attitudes, Emotions, and Behaviour > Flashcards

3 - Attitudes, Emotions, and Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Describe attitude

A

Positive/negative evals of ppl, objects, bhvrs

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2
Q

What is the tripartite model of attitudes?

A

Structure of attitudes consisting of cognitive, affective, bhvrl components

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3
Q

What is the cog component of the tripartite model

A

how we think about the attitude object

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4
Q

what is the behavioural component of the trip model

A

behaving un/favourably towards an attitude object

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5
Q

what is attitude complexity

A

number of dimensions an attitude object is evaluated against

more = more complex att

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6
Q

attitude complexity is stronger when?

A

it is both complex and consistent (all pos/neg evals)

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7
Q

when may we attribute positive evals as a cause of negative ones and vice versa

A

when we think about inconsistencies, so we integrate them

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8
Q

what is an attitude function

A

why we have a specific attitude

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9
Q

how do attitudes act as schemas

A

help us to make sense of info and make quick decisions as know what aspects of att obj to focus on

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10
Q

how do attitude functions help our impression management

A

having +/-ive attitudes to the right object help us become valued, liked, and avoid disapproval/punishment

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11
Q

how do attitude functions act as a defensive

A

defend against psychological threats like anxiety

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12
Q

describe the mere exposure effect

A

more exposure to stimulus helps develop a more positive attitude automatically

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13
Q

when does the mere exposure effect work better?

A

short repetitive exposures

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14
Q

why do we develop a positive evaluation of attitude objects in the mere exposure effect

A

attribute learning to liking object instead of seeing, so can’t correct incorrect judgement

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15
Q

describe subliminal conditioning

A

classical conditioning happening outside conscious awareness

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16
Q

when will conditioning not happen

A

if placed under cognitive load

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17
Q

cognitive load means what for conditioning

A

don’t have resources to pay attention so doesn’t happen

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18
Q

awareness of conditioning may mean what

A

we can correct tendency or reasoning for liking an object

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19
Q

SLT is used to do what

A

use info from observation to determine attitudes

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20
Q

when do we use SLT

A

if we have no knowledge of experience of the att object

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21
Q

describe the compatibility principle

A

attitude and behaviour measures must have same specificity to find true compatibility levels

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22
Q

what causes incompatibility

A

if attitude and behaviour measures don’t have the same specificity

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23
Q

what are the 4 measures

A

target
action
context
time

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24
Q

describe the theory of planned behaviour

A

several factors determining intention to carry out a behaviour, and our intention determining whether we acc do it

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25
Q

what 3 things does TPB consist of

A

attitudes towards the behaviour
subjective norm
perceived behavioural control

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26
Q

describe attitudes towards behaviour in TPB

A

what the consequences of the behaviour are, determining if we form a un/favourable attitude

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27
Q

describe subjective norm

A

normative expectations of others, resulting in perceived social pressure

28
Q

describe perceived behavioural control

A

belief about whether present factors are inhibiting/facilitating ability to perform a behaviour, and how much control we think we have over performing it

29
Q

? and ? equal ?which leads to ? (TPB)

A

own attitude + subj norm = bhvrl intention leading to the bhvr

30
Q

what 5 things in TPB compete against each other

A 
attitude beliefs
behavioural beliefs
subjective norm
perceived behavioural control
actual control
31
Q

what 2 things determine whether the behaviour is carried out or not

A

intention and perceived behavioural control

32
Q

what does having no behavioural control usually mean

A

can’t carry out the behaviour, meaning we don’t have the intention, so not carried out

33
Q

what does PBC moderate

A

effects of attitude

subjective norm

34
Q

how are attitudes and carrying out a behaviour measured

A

attitudes: attitude scales
behaviour: observations

35
Q

describe the attitude to behaviour process model

A

behaviours are determined automatically by attitudes since we have little time to reflect and think

36
Q

what two things are activated when we encounter an attitude object

A

attitude

social norms perception

37
Q

extent of attitude activation is determined by what

A

strength between object and evaluation

38
Q

what happens when an attitude is activated

A

perceptions and evaluations of the attitude object are shaped by the attitude

39
Q

a study found that intention was predicted by what

A

half by PBC
40% by attitude
10% subj norm

40
Q

the study found what about behavioural variations

A

30% determined by perceived behavioural control and don’t know about the 70%

41
Q

describe the intention-behaviour gap

A

lack of correspondence between intending to carry out a behaviour and doing it

42
Q

describe the concept of planning

A

having an implementation intention makes us more likely to carry out on the intention and bridge the I-B gap

43
Q

describe an implementation intention

A

having a positive intention and a plan of the exact situation (time/place/how)

44
Q

we need what in the concept of planning?

A

to anticipate the situation and our behavioural response and mental stimulation of the situation

45
Q

describe emotions

A

psychological response and physical display of evoked feelings due to important objects, events, people

46
Q

emotions depend on what

A

experience and history

47
Q

how are emotions different to moods

A

emotions are clearly targeted, shorter in duration, more intense, aroused by specific obj/person/event

48
Q

list the 6 basic emotions

A

happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise, fear

49
Q

describe why the 6 basic emotions are basic

A

universal, recognised and occur everywhere regardless of time and culture

50
Q

list emotions going beyond basic

A

boredom, shame, pride, love, guilt, shadefraude

51
Q

list the 3 emotion families

A

basic
self-conscious (shame/pride)
moral (contempt/empathy)

52
Q

Freud thought what about sadness

A

it was the most common emotion

53
Q

study found out what about common emotions

A

mean of happiness was 5 times greater than for sadness and was the highest mean out of all emotions

54
Q

describe embodied social cognition

A

bodily states influence attitudes, social perception, and emotion

55
Q

describe embodiment of enotions

A

imitating others’ facial expressions and perceived emotions of others automatically

56
Q

describe the facial feedback hypothesis

A

brain using info of facial muscle contraction to determine how we feel

57
Q

how does mimicry of the FFH help us

A

helps process emotional responses and when others’ emotions change

58
Q

what is the keychain in the James-Lange theory of emotions

A

stimulus
perception and interpretation
autonomic arousal
emotion

59
Q

JL theory of emotions thought what about the ANS

A

changes in it infer what emotion felt

60
Q

how was it found that the JL theory is incorrect

A

separating internal organs from CNS didn’t result in changes
organ changes too slow
inducing visceral changes didn’t result in emotional changes

61
Q

what is the two factor model of emotions

A

emotions are determined by both physiological arousal and cognitive assessment of the situation as physiological states are ambiguous

62
Q

study found what about attributing physiological state

A

those not attributing physiological state to adrenaline injection experienced more anger when in emotion-provoking sit

63
Q

study about misattribution of arousal found what

A

risky bridge participants were more aroused and more attributed it to female thinking she caused it than sturdy bridge

64
Q

describe the circumplex model of emotion

A

mathematical representation of interrelation of emotions

65
Q

related emotions are where on the CME

A

close together

less correlated far apart

66
Q

which feelings are systematically interrelated

A

affective dimensions as every 30 degrees

67
Q

CME means if one emotion is reported then

A

many more of a similar type will be reported

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