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Social > 5 - Social Influence > Flashcards

5 - Social Influence Flashcards

1
Q

describe reactance

A

deliberately reacting against social influence, often when influence attempt is obvious

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2
Q

list 3 reasons for reactance

A

asserting uniqueness so not too similar to others
uphold opinions
behave in way that than influencer wants us to

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3
Q

what can we do to assert uniqueness

A

endorse messages by minority groups

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4
Q

list 3 reasons why disobedience occurs

A

feel responsible for own actions
have time to think about what we’re being asked to do
reacting attempts to restrict freedom

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5
Q

what happens during unanimity

A

group is more cohesive so members more attracted to each other so group has more powerful over the individual

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6
Q

why do we agree if everyone else is

A

fear group disapproval, ridicule, rejection, so comply

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7
Q

what is more important when it comes to group size

A

the number of perceived independent sources of influence as one collective view less influential

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8
Q

what two things affect how influenced we are by group size

A

motivation

judgement type

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9
Q

when is the effect of group size linear

A

taste

as no objective standard so deviating from group means fitting in

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10
Q

when does increasing group size have no effect

A

a judgement task with no objective stanrd

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11
Q

how does prior commitment affect the likelihood of us changing our mind if we already made a decision aloud

A

unlikely to change as stubbornness, lose respect/authority if we change our mind, be seen as fickle

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12
Q

how does perceived interdependence have an effect

A

if group members liked, conformity more likely as think our fate relies on group members and need to work together

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13
Q

list 4 dispositional factors affecting influence susceptibility

A

authoritarian personality
gender
culture
status

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14
Q

how does gender affect susceptibility to influence

A

females more susceptible, males more resistant to win social approval in public

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15
Q

3 cultural factors increasing conformity

A

strong traditions
communal social organisation
authoritarian structure

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16
Q

why do individualistic cultures conform less than collectivistic

A

closeness is more important in collectivistic so social norms govern behaviour

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17
Q

differences in how conformity is seen in individualistic and collectivistic cultures

A

seen positive in collectivistic as cohesion increased

negative in individualistic as no independence

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18
Q

how does status affect conformity

A

low skilled occup workers conform more poss. due to being unable to express views w higher status

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19
Q

list 7 situational factors affecting obedience

A 
perceived authority of the situation
status of the experimenter
proximity of learner
proximity of experimenter
disobedient role models
emotional distance
group pressure
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20
Q

how does perceived authority of the situation affect obedience

A

prestigious place makes authority fig seem trustworthy

and situation is seen as meaningful to advance science

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21
Q

how does experimenter status affect obedience

A

ppl disobey low status people so uniform can help show power

legitimacy of experimenter is important

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22
Q

how does proximity of experimenter affect obedience

A

further away makes us less likely to obey e.g. less people obeyed when instructions given over the phone

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23
Q

how does proximity of learner affect obedience

A

when can only hear learner, obedience is higher as can’t see consequences of actions
touch proximity = even higher

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24
Q

how does emotional distance affect obedience

A

being physically closer can make us aware of person’s humanity so we empathise
further distance can lead to dehumanisation

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25
Q

how does group pressure affect obedience

A

others obeying authority makes us believe it’s the right thing to do
2+ DRMs reduces compliance as we realise there are other ways to think/act

26
Q

list 2 Milgram-specific reasons for obedience

A

participants saw confederate as voluntarily submitting to authority so thought they were obligated to be shocked
unclear rules for termination

27
Q

results of Moscovici’s experiment

A

consistent converted>inconsistent>control

those in consistent condition privately and publicly converted

28
Q

describe conversion theory

A

when people without the belief that the majority hold change beliefs of the majority so the minority’s view becomes the majority

29
Q

define diachronic consistency

A

each individual’s opinion can’t waver to show stability over time

30
Q

define synchronic consistency

A

minority individuals must have same opinion as each other to show group stability

31
Q

define validation process

A

majority think about why the minority is consistent on the issue and think more deeply about it, changing their private beliefs

32
Q

what type of conformity is a result of conversion

A

compliance as those converted have private beliefs changed but still show the majority’s beliefs publicly

33
Q

what is social identity theory

A

minority most influential when framing self as part of majority ingroup as they’ll consider minority as part of ingroup so think more about their credentials

34
Q

what are the two routes to influence in social identity theory

A

consistency and power of consensus

encouraging systematic processing and private acceptance

35
Q

what 4 factors are important in the single process of influence

A

expertise/strength
immediacy/proximity
size of message and group

36
Q

what things decrease influence in the single process

A

additional inputs

minorities due to diffused power across several targets

37
Q

what is another model of influence

A

elaboration likelihood model

but the source is irrelevant

38
Q

Asch’s study found out what about social influence

A

questions got harder so informational SI - ambiguity

wanted to fit in so normative SI

39
Q

list 2 non-conformist accounts of Asch

A

multiple values to deal with simultaneously

need to think about commitments to self, others, group position

40
Q

what 3 personal values did participants have to deal with

A

personal integrity
respect for others’ views
respect for one’s group position

41
Q

what could happen if one chose an answer when the majority of the group picked another

A

others may feel disrespected

may be excluded from the group

42
Q

what are 3 appropriate responses to having to deal with multiple values (Asch)

A

give truthful response
go along w majority so they feel listened to
compromise

43
Q

define compromisation

A

not deviating too far from the group or self

44
Q

with moral dilemmas, what affects our public ratings

A

others, social context, the norm

45
Q

what do we end up thinking if we think something isn’t okay but others do think it’s okay

A

we think it’s okay and vice versa

46
Q

what changes our morals

A

exposure to information about the majority’s view

47
Q

Milgram’s study found out what explanation?

A

attitudes don’t determine behaviour especially with overriding external influences

48
Q

what did analysis of Milgram’s conversation transcripts find

A

explicit and implicit forms of resistance

49
Q

examples of implicit resistance

A

silence, hesitation, non-verbal acts (imprecation), verbal phrases like “oh Jesus”

50
Q

examples of explicit resistance

A

addressing the confederate and asking if they’re okay
querying experimenter about asking if conf is okay
prompting experimenter by asking if should continue

51
Q

what conclusion was found by transcript analysis

A

resistance was shown but participants didn’t have right of withdrawal so felt they must continue

52
Q

what was Zimbardo’s dispositional hypothessi

A

participants will engage, conform with, and obey socially destructive acts due to their psychological characteristics

53
Q

what was Zimbardo’s situational hypothesis

A

participants will engage, conform with, and obey socially destructive acts due to situational requirements

54
Q

describe 2 ethical issues with Milgram

A

no right to withdraw

psych harm as thought they had murdered and were under psych discomfort

55
Q

potential benefit of Milgram

A

valuable information provided about obedience

56
Q

ethical issues of Zimbardo

A

no right to withdraw

psych harm

57
Q

issues w participants for Zimbardo

A

only 24 male mostly white college students

58
Q

issues with Zimbardo himself

A

told guards how to act, causing demand chars

got involved lost objectivity

59
Q

issue with selection ZImbardo

A

selection bias by putting ad attracting those w authoritarian personality as used “prison life”

60
Q

issues to do with methodology and publication

A

no extraneous var control

published in a journal w no reputation so can doubt peer review

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