9 - milgram ao1

Question 1

what did milgram want to find out?

Answer 1

if ordinary american citizens would obey an unjust order from an authority figure and inflict pain on another person because they were instructed to

Question 2

what was milgram’s sample?

Answer 2

40 male participants from a range of occupations and backgrounds

Question 3

what sampling did milgram use?

Answer 3

volunteer

Question 4

what did milgram advertise his experiment as?

Answer 4

punishment and learning

Question 5

how were participants and confederate in milgram’s study assigned to their roles as teacher and learner

Answer 5

randomly, but real participants was always teacher

Question 6

what was the task of milgram’s study

Answer 6

teacher would read learner a series of word pairs and test their recall. learner would indicate choice using system of lights. teacher told to administer shock for wrong answer and increase voltage after each mistake

Question 7

how was the teacher in milgram’s experiment convinced it was real?

Answer 7

teacher watched learner being strapped to electric chair, given sample electric shock

Question 8

as the shocks in milgram’s experiment increased what happened to the recorded screams?

Answer 8

became louder and more dramatic

Question 9

at 180 volts in milgram’s study what did the learner complain of

Answer 9

a weak heart

Question 10

what did the learner do at 315 volts in milgram’s experiment

Answer 10

became silent, giving the illusion he was unconscious or dead

Question 11

when did milgram’s experiment stop

Answer 11

when the teacher refused to continue or reached 450 volts

Question 12

if the teacher tried to stop milgram’s study, what would the experimenter do

Answer 12

respond with a series of prods, for example ‘the experiment required that you continue’

Question 13

how did milgram go around the problem of informed consent?

Answer 13

following the experiment the participants were debriefed

Question 14

how many of milgram’s participants went to at least 300 volts

Answer 14

all

Question 15

how many of milgram’s participants went to the full 450 volts?

Answer 15

65%

Question 16

what did milgram conclude

Answer 16

under the right circumstances ordinary people would obey

Question 17

what were milgram’s variations?

Answer 17

proximity, location, uniform,

Question 18

what was the method in milgram’s proximity variation

Answer 18

teacher and learner in the same room

Question 19

in milgram’s proximity variation how many participants administered the full 450 volts

Answer 19

40%

Question 20

why did obedience levels fall in milgram’s proximity variation

Answer 20

because the teacher was able to experience the learners pain more directly

Question 21

what was milgram’s more extreme proximity variation

Answer 21

teacher had to force learners hand directly onto the shock plate

Question 22

what percentage of participants in milgram’s extreme proximity variation obeyed to the full 450 volts?

Answer 22

30%

Question 23

what did milgram conclude about the proximity between teacher and learner?

Answer 23

closer the proximity, the lower the level of obedience

Question 24

what was milgram’s authority figure proximity variation

Answer 24

after the experimenter had given the initial instructions they left the room. all subsequent instruction were provided over the phone

Question 25

in milgram’s authority figure proximity variation, what percentage of people obeyed to the full 450 volts

Answer 25

21%

Question 26

what was milgrams location variation

Answer 26

conducted study in a run down building in Bridgeport, connecticut. no longer associated with yale university, carried out by research association of bridgeport

Question 27

in milgrams location variation what percentage of participants administered the full 450 volts

Answer 27

47.5%

Question 28

what does milgrams location variation show about the impact of location on obedience

Answer 28

less credible locations resulting in a reduction in the level of obedience

Question 29

what was milgrams uniform variation

Answer 29

the experimenter was called away and replaced by another ‘participant’ in ordinary clothes (confederate). the man in ordinary clothes came up with the idea of increasing the voltage every time the learner made a mistake

Question 30

what percentage of participants in milgrams uniform variation obeyed to the full 450 volts

Answer 30

20%

Question 31

what does milgram’s uniform variation demonstrate?

Answer 31

the dramatic power of uniform and legitimate authority

Question 32

what is legitimate authority?

Answer 32

the perceived right of an authority figure to have power and control over others