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Immunology > 9 - MHC > Flashcards

9 - MHC Flashcards

1
Q

When do T and B cells undergo random recombination?

A

when they undergo maturation

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2
Q

What do BCRs recognize and bind to?

A

free (soluble) antigen part of a larger pathogen or toxin

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3
Q

What are the 2 necessary things that TCRs must recognize and bind to?

A

antigenic (antigen-derived) peptides | MHC molecule that is bound to the antigenic peptide

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4
Q

What does exogenous mean?

A

extracellular

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5
Q

What does endogenous mean?

A

intracellular

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6
Q

What are the 3 functions of MHC molecules?

A

antigen-presenting molecules | form stable complexes with peptide ligands | display antigen on cellular surface for TCR engagement

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7
Q

Which cells express MHC I?

A

all nucleated cells

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8
Q

Which cells express MHC II?

A

APCs or cells involved in immune responses

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9
Q

What family are MHC I and II both part of?

A

Ig (immunoglobulin) superfamily | sticky domain

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10
Q

How long can the peptide be to fit into MHC I?

A

8-10 amino acids

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11
Q

What 2 polypeptides that make up the MHC I structure?

A

large transmembrane alpha chain | small beta-2 microglobulin protein for stability

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12
Q

Which polypeptide makes up the peptide binding groove of the MHC I?

A

alpha chain

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13
Q

What polypeptides make up the MHC II structure?

A

heterodimeric transmembrane alpha and beta chains

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14
Q

How long can the peptide be to fit into MHC II?

A

13-18 amino acids

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15
Q

Which T-cells do MHC I molecules present peptides to?

A

CD8 CTLs

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16
Q

Where are the peptides that bind to MHC I derived from?

A

endogenous intracellular proteins

17
Q

Which T-cells do MHC II molecules present peptides to?

A

CD4 Th cells

18
Q

Where are the peptides that bind to MHC II derived from?

A

exogenous extracellular processed antigens

19
Q

If there are no foreign peptides for MHC I to present, what does MHC I do and why?

A

will present self-proteins on its surface | this is a way the immune system checks if cells are self and are healthy (not cancerous)

20
Q

What is the organelle that protein (self or foreign) will be randomly broken down in?

A

proteosome

21
Q

What will MHC I do if the cell is infected with an intracellular bacteria or virus or is a tumor cell?

A

MHC I will load viral, bacterial, or cancer-related protein on its peptide-binding groove and present it on surface | CTLs will be activated if it recognizes the peptide

22
Q

What are the 3 types of APCs?

A

B-cells | macrophages | dendritic cells

23
Q

What is the role of MHC II?

A

helps direct responses against things that shouldn’t be in our system &raquo_space;> display those peptides to activate Th cells

24
Q

What are the 4 things that can induce change in MHC expression?

A

genetic regulatory components | viral interference | cytokine-mediated signaling | steroids

25
Q

How do genetic regulatory components influence MHC expression to change?

A

PRR signaling can lead to more expression of MHC molecules | promoters can drive transcription during times of infection due to PRRs

26
Q

How does viral interference influence MHC expression to change?

A

viruses shut down MHC I expression because it targets the cells they are in for destruction via NK cell

27
Q

How does cytokine-mediated signaling influence MHC expression to change?

A

some cytokines such as TNF and Type-I IFN can upregulate MHC expression

28
Q

How do steroids influence MHC expression to change?

A

can upregulate it | steroids cause inflammation

29
Q

MHC alleles are ____ expressed.

A

co-dominantly

30
Q

What is an issue that MHC prompts and why?

A

presents issues for transplantation because MHC must be compatible

31
Q

In terms of MHC compatibility, who can Person A donate tissue to or from? (4)

A

sibling | to offspring | from parent | with self

32
Q

In terms of MHC compatibility, who can NOT Person A donate tissue to or from? (3)

A

to parent | from offspring | with partner

33
Q

What will happen if the donated tissue does not match the recipient’s MHC?

A

recipient’s immune system will attack and reject donated tissue

34
Q

What is MHC restriction?

A

MHC compatibility

Immunology (15 decks)

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