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Immunology > 5 - Pattern Recognition > Flashcards

5 - Pattern Recognition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of PRRs?

A

TLR | RLR | ALR | NLR | CLR (TRANC)

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2
Q

What are the 2 major roles of the innate immune response?

A

anatomical barriers (physical/chemical) against infection | cellular responses

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3
Q

What is the biggest physical barrier?

A

skin/mucosal membranes = keeps out most pathogens

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4
Q

What are the 3 chemical barriers epithelial layers produce?

A

acidic pH | enzymes/binding proteins | antimicrobial peptides

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5
Q

Other than PAMPs, what can PRRs also recognize?

A

DAMPs = damage-associated molecular patterns

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6
Q

What do Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize (specifically for TLR4?

A

LPS (lipopolysaccharide)

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7
Q

What are the 3 places where TLRs found on the immune cell?

A

plasma membrane | endosomal membrane | lysosomal membrane (on phagocytic cells)

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8
Q

What are the 4 outcomes/effector functions from TLR-ligand binding?

A

production of: cytokines | chemokines | antimicrobial peptides | Type I IFN

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9
Q

What do C-Type Lectin Receptors (CLRs) recognize?

A

carbohydrate components of fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, parasites, allergens

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10
Q

Where on the immune cell are CLRs found?

A

plasma membrane

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11
Q

What are the 3 quintessential pro-inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL-1b (IL-1) | IL-6 | TNFa (alpha)

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12
Q

What is the outcome/effector function from CLR-ligand binding?

A

transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines

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13
Q

What do Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain (NOD) Receptors (NLRs) recognize?

A

intracellular bacteria

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14
Q

Where are NLRs found on the immune cell?

A

inside - in the cytosol = cytosolic protein

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15
Q

What is the outcome/effector function from NLR-ligand binding?

A

initiates autophagy | produce antimicrobial peptides/proteins

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16
Q

What is autophagy?

A

cell starts eating intracellular proteins (maybe organelles too) within it

17
Q

What do AIM-2-Like Receptors (ALRs) recognize?

A

dsDNA (viral or bacterial) in cytosol

18
Q

Where are ALRs found on the immune cell?

A

cytosol = intracellular cytosolic receptor

19
Q

What is the outcome/effector function from ALR-ligand binding?

A

activates inflammasomes = produces IL-1b and IL-18 cytokines &raquo_space;> leads to pyroptosis

20
Q

What is pyroptosis?

A

programmed cell death that causes cell to go undergo apoptosis = causing more inflammation

21
Q

What do RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLRs) recognize?

A

viral dsRNA

22
Q

Where on the immune cell are RLRs found?

A

cytosol = intracellular cytosolic receptor

23
Q

What is the outcome/effector function from RLR-ligand binding?

A

RLR acts as a cytosolic helicase = unwinds dsRNA &raquo_space;> leads to Type I IFNs production

24
Q

What are Type I IFNs?

A

antiviral cytokines

Immunology (15 decks)

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