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Immunology > 16 - Immune Response to Infectious Disease > Flashcards

16 - Immune Response to Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What determines the immune system response to a pathogen?

A

nature of pathogen (type) | entry site and location of the pathogen

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2
Q

Which antibody is not important for controlling infections at either barrier or mucosal sites?

A

IgG

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3
Q

What is the Fc receptor that will be used to get IgA across mucosal surfaces?

A

Poly IgR

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4
Q

What is the primary function of IFNg?

A

activate macrophages

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5
Q

How does Hepatitis C virus evade the immune system?

A

blocks and inhibits PKR

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6
Q

How does HSV virus evade the immune system?

A

inhibit TAP activity = no MHC I expression

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7
Q

How does Measles virus evade the immune system?

A

inhibit MHC II expression

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8
Q

How does HIV evade the immune system (3 ways)?

A

inhibit MHC II expression | immunosuppression | change surface antigen

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9
Q

How does EBV virus evade the immune system?

A

immunosuppression

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10
Q

How does influenza virus evade the immune system?

A

change surface antigen

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11
Q

What cells does malaria primarily infect?

A

RBCs

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12
Q

Why is it difficult to develop an immune response to malaria?

A

antigen shift constantly whenever it matures = constantly changing and outer coat shedding | drug resistance

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13
Q

What kind of pathogen (intracellular or extracellular) is malaria?

A

intracellular

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14
Q

What cells does the African Sleeping Sickness parasite infect?

A

CNS

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15
Q

What is the vector for the African Sleeping Sickness parasite and what is the species of these parasites?

A

tsetse flies | trypanosome

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16
Q

What kind of pathogen (intracellular or extracellular) is the African Sleeping Sickness parasite?

A

intracellular

17
Q

Why is it difficult to develop an immune response to the African Sleeping Sickness parasite?

A

surface glycoproteins constantly interchange

18
Q

What is the vector for the Leishmaniasis parasite and what is the species of these parasites?

A

sandflies

19
Q

What kind of pathogen (intracellular or extracellular) is Leishmaniasis?

A

intracellular

20
Q

What cells does the Leishmaniasis parasite infect?

A

macrophage phagosomes

21
Q

Which is more effective at resolving a Leishmaniasis infection, Th1 or Th2 responses?

A

Th1 and IFNg = gain resistance against parasite | Th2 doesn’t

22
Q

What kind of pathogen (intracellular or extracellular) are helminths?

A

extracellular

23
Q

Where do metazoan parasites commonly enter the host through?

A

intestinal tracts

24
Q

What are the 2 types of parasites?

A

protozoan = unicellular | metazoan = helminths/worms

25
Q

How do helminths limit immune engagement?

A

wrap selves in host proteins | decrease external antigen expression

26
Q

What are the common immune responses against helminths? (cells, antibodies, cytokines)

A

Th2 cells, eosinophils | IgE | IL-4

27
Q

What are the 3 criteria that fungal diseases are classified based on?

A

site of infection | route of acquisition | level of virulence

28
Q

Our immune system and normal flora usually keep these fungal infections at bay, but what does it indicate when the fungal infection begins producing symptoms?

A

reduced immunity

29
Q

What are the 4 reasons that may be responsible for r4e-emerging diseases?

A

combination of diseases | improper antibiotic use | zoonotic pathogens | lack in vaccinations

30
Q

What are the 2 components that are needed when developing a vaccine?

A

basic reasearch | rational design

31
Q

What does “basic research” refer to in vaccine development?

A

study the pathogen = its target | what is inducing the immune response against it | the immune response to the pathogen

32
Q

What are the 2 types of vaccines?

A

passive and active

33
Q

What is passive immunization?

A

giving antibody | temporary protection

34
Q

How can passive vaccines induce type I hypersensitivity?

A

can induce allergies against the antibodies in the vaccine

35
Q

How can passive vaccines induce type III hypersensitivity?

A

formation of immune complexes due to giving a lot of antibodies

36
Q

What is active immunization?

A

induces immunity and memory | need booster shots

37
Q

What is the nature of active vaccines?

A

giving an inactive or a part of a pathogen to induce memory response

38
Q

What are the 3 requirements that must be included with every vaccine strategy?

A

safety | effective at preventing infection | achievable delivery

Immunology (15 decks)

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