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RT 203 > 9. Interaction of Electron with Matter > Flashcards

9. Interaction of Electron with Matter Flashcards

1
Q

is the removal of an electron from an atom

A

Ionization

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2
Q

occurs when an x-ray passes close to an orbital electron of an atom and transfers sufficient energy to the electron to remove it from the atom.

A

Ionization

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3
Q

In radiologic technologies, we use the definition of the removal of an electron form an atom because once the projectile electrons hit an atom you cannot expect that the atom will gain additional electron

A

Ionization

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4
Q

The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated are called an

A

Ion pair

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5
Q

The ______ is a negative ion and the remaining atom is a _____ ion

A

electron,

positive

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6
Q

Outer shell electrons are simply raised to an excited, or higher, energy level then immediately drop back to their normal energy level with the emission of infrared radiation.

A

Excitation

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7
Q

is the number of ion pairs produced per unit track length

A

Specific Ionization

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8
Q

An exposure of 1 roentgen produces ______
ion pairs per cm^3
of air at standard temperature and pressure
(STP)

A

2.08 x 10^9

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9
Q

1 cm^3 of air at STP has a mass of

A

0.001293 g

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10
Q

is the amount of

exposure that will produce 2.58 x 10^-4 C (of ionization) per kg of air.

A

The official definition of the Roentgen

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11
Q

is a unit of electrical charge

A

coulomb

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12
Q

Since ionization produces charged particles (ions), the amount of ionization produced can be expressed in

A

coulombs

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13
Q

One coulomb of charge is produced by

A

6.24 x 10^18 ionizations

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14
Q

1 R = __ C/kg

A

2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg

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15
Q

1 C/kg = ____ R

A

3876 R

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16
Q

1 roentgen produces ______ per cm^3 of air at standard

A

2.08 x 10^9 ion pairs

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17
Q

It is a measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

A

Linear Energy Transfer

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18
Q

It is the amount of energy released by a radioactive particle or wave over the length of its decay track.

A

Linear Energy Transfer

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19
Q

Linear Energy Transfer expressed in units of _______ of track length in soft tissue

A

kiloelectron volt per micrometer (keV/μm)

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20
Q

diagnostic x-rays has ___ keV/μm

A

3

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21
Q

ionizes water into H and OH radicals over a very short track.

A

High LET radiation (like alpha & beta particles)

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22
Q

LET

A

Linear Energy Transfer

23
Q

also ionizes water molecules, but over a much longer track

A

Low LET radiation (like X- or gamma rays)

24
Q

electrons travelling from cathode to anode

A

Projectile Electrons

25
Q

is just a measure of the total number of electrons that travel from cathode to anode

A

mAs

26
Q

mAs =

A

mC

27
Q

1 C = _____ electrons

A

6.25 x 10^18 electrons

28
Q

Unit of Energy

A

Kinetic Energy

29
Q

1 Joule = _____ eV

A

6.24 x10^18

30
Q

1 keV = ____ J

A

1.6 x10^-16

31
Q

are emitted when an outer-shell electron fills an inner-shell void

A

Characteristic x-rays

32
Q

Characteristic of the target material

A

Characteristic x-rays

33
Q

Are produced when a projectile electron is slowed by the electric field of a target atom nucleus

A

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

34
Q

“Slowed down radiation”

A

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

35
Q

Bremsstrahlung Radiation is a ____ word

A

German

36
Q

to brake

A

bremsen

37
Q

radiation

A

Strahlung

38
Q

braking radiation

A

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

39
Q

deceleration radiation

A

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

40
Q

Define as the pair of positive and negative particles produced during ionization

A

Ion pair

41
Q

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons and protons are

A

equal

42
Q

Electron binding energy decreases, as the electrons moves ______ from the nucleus

A

farther away

43
Q

During electron interaction that produces ionization there’s great chance that the _______ electrons are the one being removed (they have lesser electron binding energy)

A

outer shell

44
Q

Used in radiation therapy to burn cancer cells

A

High Linear Energy Transfer radiation

45
Q

Radiation Therapy

A

High LET radiation

46
Q

Used in general radiography (Diagnostic X-rays)

A

Low LET radiation

47
Q

produce free
radicals which are elements in the body that
can produce cancers (carcinogenic)

A

High LET radiation

48
Q

radiation breaks down water

A

Capable of radiolysis

49
Q

Occur in accidental leakage of power plant

A

High LET radiation

50
Q

not capable of radiolysis

A

Low LET radiation

51
Q

strike the atom in the

target and ionize to produce x-rays

A

Projectile electrons

52
Q

Velocity is speed of light, expressed in

A

m/s

53
Q

Kinetic energy is expressed in

A

Joules

54
Q

Mass is expressed in

A

Kg

RT 203 (11 decks)

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