(9) Cognition: Thinking and Language Flashcards
Define “thinking” by the lecture
The mental representation of words, images, and concepts as well as the manipulation of info to solve problems, make decisions, and engage in creative pursuits.
Define “thinking” by the book
The mental representation and manipulation of information.
What’s one difference between a seen image and one that’s imagined?
Only imagined images can be manipulated. [An imagined image is a reconstruction of the object or event from memory]
As cited in the text, many of Albert Einstein’s creative insights involved the use of what?
Mental imagery
Define a mental “concept”
Mental category for classifying events, objects, and ideas on the basis of shared features.
What’s the major drawback of algorithms?
In solving life problems, there may not be a precise algorithm for solving a particular problem.
Define a “heuristic”
Rule of thumb or mental shortcut used to solve problems or make judgements
Breaking down a problem into smaller, more manageable steps is known as which strategy of problem solving?
Creating subgoals
Which heuristic involves starting with a possible solution and then working in reverse order to see if the data support the solution?
Backward-working
Define “mental set”
The tendency to rely on strategies that worked well in similar situations in the past.
Define “functional fixedness”
The inability to see how familiar objects can be used in new ways.
Which cognitive bias best describes our tendency to judge people based on first impressions?
Confirmation bias
Define “framing”
Basing decisions on how potential outcomes are phrased.
