(5) Learning Flashcards
What do most psychologists define learning as?
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
What type of approach did Pavlov take to the study of behavior?
Relatively cognitive perspective in explaining classical conditioning
What’s paired in classical conditioning?
Neutral stimulus (NS) + unconditioned stimulus (US)
What is an unconditioned response (UR)?
A reflexive reaction triggered by an US
What does a buzzer/tone serve as in Pavlov’s typical classical conditioning experiment?
A neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS)
What does a neutral stimulus become in classical conditioning and when?
It becomes a CS when paired with the US enough
Define spontaneous recovery
When a conditioned response (CR) reappears after a delay, even though it was previously extinguished
Define (psychological) extinction
The weakening and eventual disappearance of the effect of the CS (in the absence of the US) in producing a CR
Define stimulus generalization
When a response to a stimulus is also elicited by a similar stimulus
Define higher-order conditioning
Using an established CS and pairing it with yet another neutral stimulus to form another CS
Describe how to strengthen the connection between a CS and CR
Increase the number of pairings of the CS and US
What was the CS in Watson’s research with Little Albert?
White rat
What does the product in a lot of advertisements begin as?
NS
Who proposed the Law of Effect?
Edward Thorndike
What was Skinner’s view of radical behaviorism?
Behavior is completely determined by environmental and genetic influences, not free will
