(3) Neuron, Brain, and Nervous System

Question 1

T/F: The synapse is part of the neuron itself

Answer 1

False (gap)

Question 2

Which part of the neuron carries out the cell’s metabolic functions?

Answer 2

Soma

Question 3

What is the function of the axon?

Answer 3

Transmit info to other neurons

Question 4

What is the function of the dendrites?

Answer 4

Receive info from other neurons

Question 5

What is the synapse?

Answer 5

A tiny gap that separates one neuron from another through which messages are carried

Question 6

What are the 3 main classifications of neurons in the human nervous system?

Answer 6

Interneurons, sensory neurons, and motor neurons

Question 7

Which neurons are efferent/afferent?

Answer 7

Motor: efferent
Sensory: afferent

Question 8

How does white matter get its name?

Answer 8

Parts of the nervous system that are MYELINATED

Question 9

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 9

The fatty layer of cells that is wrapped around many axons to improve the speed of signal conduction

Question 10

What is depolarization?

Answer 10

The process by which stimulation causes a neuron’s sodium gate to open and allow cations to enter, thereby lessening the negative charge of the neuron

Question 11

Synonym for action potential

Answer 11

Neural impulse

Question 12

What is reuptake?

Answer 12

The recycling (reabsorption) of neurotransmitter (NT) molecules into neurons

Question 13

What is schizophrenia often characterized by?

Answer 13

Hallucinations and delusions

Question 14

What do agonists and antagonists do?

Answer 14

Boost or inhibit NT activity, respectively

Question 15

What is Parkinson’s directly caused by?

Answer 15

Loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain

Question 16

What is glutamate?

Answer 16

An excitatory neurotransmitter that helps keep the central nervous system aroused

Question 17

What is GABA?

Answer 17

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that blocks the actions of NTs like glutamate, norepinephrine, serotonin, or dopamine

Question 18

What is serotonin and its purpose?

Answer 18

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate moods, produces feelings of satiation after eating, and induces sleepiness

Question 19

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 19

Control involuntary internal bodily processes like heartbeat, digestion, and pupil dilation

Question 20

What are the 2 components of the CNS?

Answer 20

Brain and spinal cord

Question 21

Function of sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 21

Speed up bodily processes in response to a threat

Question 22

Function of parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 22

Reverse the effects of the sympathetic nervous system by calming the embody back down to return it to homeostasis

Question 23

What are the 3 major parts of the brain?

Answer 23

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Question 24

Function of the cerebellum?

Answer 24

Balance and coordination

Question 25

What is the basal ganglia and its function?

Answer 25

A cluster of nerve cells that plays a key role in regulating voluntary movement such as walking

Question 26

Thalamus function?

Answer 26

Acts as a “relay station” that sorts through sensory information EXCEPT for smell

Question 27

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 27

A thick bundle of fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, forming a pathway through which the two may pass info to one another

Question 28

Function of frontal lobes?

Answer 28

Control motor responses and higher mental functions,
such as thinking, planning, problem solving, decision
making, and accessing and acting on stored memories