(1) History Flashcards
What does psychology study?
Behavior and mental processes [of humans and other animals]
Why is psychology considered to be a scientific discipline?
It’s backed by empirical data and analysis (e.g. experimentation), [using the scientific method]e
What did Wilhelm Wundt pioneer in psychology?
Introspection (careful self-examination and reporting of one’s conscious
experiences in order to study mental experiences)
Which early school of psychology is associated with the method of introspection?
Structuralism (an approach that attempted to define
the structure of the mind by breaking down mental experiences into their component
parts) -> (think what anatomy is to biology)
What is William James the founder of?
Functionalism: he school of psychology that focused on how
behavior helps individuals adapt to demands placed upon them in the environment (think what physiology is to biology)
Who was the founder of behaviorism?
(John Broadus) Watson
The behaviorist emphasis on observable events as the focus of inquiry can be traced to which philosopher?
Aristotle
Who founded the Gestalt school of psychology?
(Max) Wertheimer
What does the psychodynamic school of psychology place an emphasis on?
The unconscious [and early childhood experiences]
What is “talk therapy” associated with?
[Sigmund Freud]; (psychoanalysis, which attempts to work through unconscious conflicts and motives of the mind)
What is the “third force” in psychology more formally known as?
Humanistic psychology (the belief that free will and conscious choice are essential aspects of the human experience)
Which theorists are associated with humanistic psychology?
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers (disagreeing with the “set-in-stone” attitude of behaviorism and psychodynamic psychology)
