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Yale Residency - Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, Misc. Rodents > 9. Bacterial and Misc Enteric Diseases > Flashcards

9. Bacterial and Misc Enteric Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of Clostridial Enterotoxemia

A

Clostridium spiroforme

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2
Q

Predisposition to clostridial enterotoxemia is caused by:

A 
Decreased in fiber
Weaning
Change from restricted feeding to ad libitum feeding
Stress
Coinfections
Abx
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3
Q

C/S of clostridial enterotoxemia

A

Peracute death
Wt loss
Anorexia
Most commonly: Watery diarrhea with fetid odor

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4
Q

Gross pathology of clostridial enterotoxemia

A

Hemorrhagic necrotic typhlitis

Paintbrush hemorrhages over serosa

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5
Q

Histopathology of Clostridial enterotoxemia

A

Large, fluid-filled, edmatous cecum

Mucosal cell swelling, vacuolation

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6
Q

What kind of diet fed to weanlings predisposes them to Clostridial enterotoxemia?

A

Low fiber, high energy diet

Causes cecal hypomotility and more availability of simple carbohydrates (required for C. spiroforme proliferation)

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7
Q

Rabbit vulnerability to C. spiroforme - adults vs weanlings

A

Exposure alone causes dz in weanlings

Exposure alone is not enough to cause dz in weanlings

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8
Q

Tx for Clostridial enterotoxemia

A

IV fluids
Transfaunation
Probiotics
Abx

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9
Q

Prevention of Clostridial enterotoxemia

A

Feeding practices - don’t overfeed, avoid early weaning, change feed gradually, provide sufficient fiber

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10
Q

Colibacillosis etiology

A

E. coli

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11
Q

E. coli is normally found in the GI of rabbits - T or F?

A

F

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12
Q

What changes in cecal pH may cause colibacillosis?

A

Increases in cecal pH

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13
Q

5 types of pathogenic E. coli?

A
  1. Enteroinvasive
  2. Enterotoxic
  3. Enterohemorrhagic
  4. Enteroaggregative
  5. Enteropathogenic
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14
Q

Most common E. coli strain involved in rabbit enteric disease

A

Enteropathogenic

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15
Q

How does enteropathogenic E. coli cause disease?

A

Attach to mucosal surface, effacing the epithelium (flattening it)
This causes loss of microvilli, leading to diarrhea

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16
Q

Colibacillosis is seen most commonly in which age group/

A

4-6 week old weanlings

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17
Q

E. coli on histo

A

Colonies adhered to colon surface

18
Q

Tx for colibacillosis

A

Supportive care (fluids)
Abx (quinolone)
High fiber diet
Cull severely affected animals

19
Q

Tyzzer’s triad

A

Heart, intestines, liver

20
Q

Primary site of infection of Tyzzer’s

A

GI ,then goes to heart and liver

21
Q

C. piliforme gram positive or negative?

A

Obligate intracellular gram positive organism (but can appear gram negative)

22
Q

Tramission of Tyzzer’s

A

Ingestion of spores

23
Q

C/S of Tyzzer’s

A

Most infections are subclinical

Diarrhea, listlessness, anorexia, dehydration, death

24
Q

Gross pathology of Tyzzers

A

Ecchymotic or petechial hemorrhages on serosal surface

25
Q

Histo of Tyzzers

A

Silver stain shows “pickup sticks”

Multifocal tan to yellow foci of necrosis or heomrrhage in myocardium

26
Q

Tx of Tyzzers

A

Abx are ineffective due to brief clinical course, intracellular location, spore formation
Culling

27
Q

How should Tyzzers spores be decontaminated

A

1% peracetic acid or chlorine dioxide

28
Q

Salmonella spp implicated in salmonellosis in rabbits

A

Salmonella enterica

29
Q

Pathogenesis of Salmonella

A

Fecal oral transmission, organisms colonize ileum and LI
They invade epithelium, transported to lymphoid cells
Once intracellular, they proliferate in phagosomes

30
Q

C/S of salmonellosis

A

Usually peracute, lethal with few clinical signs

Septicemia, diarrhea

31
Q

Tx of Salmonellosis

A

Cull

32
Q

Lawsonia has a strong tropism for which cells?

A

Crypt cells

33
Q

C/S of Lawsonia

A

Diarrhea, wt loss, dehydration, depression

34
Q

Stain for Lawsonia

A

Warthin-Starry

35
Q

Tx for Lawsonia

A

Fluids

36
Q

Etiology of mucoid enteropathy

A

Unknown , but associated with E. coli, Clostridium, Eimeria

37
Q

Theory of mucoid enteropathy pathogenesis

A

Cecum pH decrease causes GI flora change

38
Q

Mucoid enteropathy gross pathology

A

Lumen of Si and LI plugged with mucus, esp ileum

39
Q

Tx for ME

A

Supportive care
Withhold food
ad lib water
High qual alfalfa hay and salt for 1 week
Gradually return to normal feed over a week

40
Q

ME prevention

A

High quality feed with 12-14% fiber content

High fiber increases motility and reduces carbs available for hindgut fermentation

41
Q

Where will trichobezoar form most commonly?

A

Pylorus

42
Q

Tx for trichobezoar

A

Hydration, nutritional support, metoclopramide

Yale Residency - Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, Misc. Rodents (18 decks)

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