9 - Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Key differences between innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 1

Innate:
- perfect self vs non-self recognition
- cannot change response
- no memory
- immediate response

Adaptive
- imperfect recognition
- infinite possible responses
- memory
- slower response (3 - 5 days)

Question 2

Immunity timeline
(first to last, when they come into effect)

goodnotes

Answer 2

immediate: intrinsic barriers (no infection)
0-4 hours: innate immunity - preformed effectors
4-96 hours: induced innate response
>96 hours: adaptive response

Question 3

3 key features of adaptive immunity

Answer 3

• specific: targets particular pathogens
• systemic: moves to infected cells/pathogens
• memory: subsequent responses are faster & stronger

Question 4

cell types of the adaptive immune system
(name, location(s), traits)

Answer 4

B cells: stay in bone marrow until mature
T cells: go and mature in thymus
- naive: haven’t seen an antigen before
- lymph nodes: naive WBCs wait for antigen exposure
- some have very long lifespan
- can divide/regenerate rapidly
- each cell has a unique receptor

both are lymphocytes (WBCs)

Question 5

Types of B & T cells
(names)

Answer 5

all develop from lymphoid stem cell
T cells:
- TH1 (helper 1)
- TH2 (helper 2)
- Tc (cytotoxic T cells)

B cells:
- Memory cells
- Plasma cells

Question 6

B cell vs T cell receptors

Answer 6

B cell receptor (BCR)
- 2 antigen recognition sites
- membrane bound be the BCR or realeased as antibody Ab

T cell receptor (TCR)
- 1 antigen recognition site
- ONLY membrane bound

Question 7

CD4+ & CD8+ T cells
(alternate name, purpose)

Answer 7

CD4: Helper T cell
- TCR recognizes antigens presented on MCHII
- helps activate B cells

CD8: Cytotoxic T cell
- TCR recognizes antigens presented on MCHI
- kill infected/altered cells

Question 8

Antigens (Ag)
(definition)

Answer 8

‘ANTIbody GENerating’
any molecule that can bind to an antibody

Question 9

Epitope
(definition)

Answer 9

small, defined structure on an antigen that can bind to an antibody or BCR/TCR
(only the part that binds is the epitope)

Question 10

Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)
(definition, purpose)

Question 11

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
(definition, types, purpose)

Question 12

Antigen processing and presentation

Question 13

Adaptive immune system divisions