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Anatomy 2LL3 > 4 - Vasculature > Flashcards

4 - Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Major divisions of the aorta
(from closest to furthest from heart)

goodnotes diagram

A
  • Ascending A.
  • Arch of the A.

Descending aorta:
- Thoracic d. A.
- Adbominal d. A.

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2
Q

Celiac artery supplies the:

A
  • liver
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • pancreas
  • duodenum
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3
Q

Arch of the aorta branches
(from R to L)

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
    • R subclavian a.
    • R common carotid a.
  • L common carotid a.
  • L subclavian a.
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4
Q

Abdominal aorta branches
(from highest to lowest)

goodnotes diagram

A
  • celiac trunk/a.
  • “suprarenal a’s
  • superior mesenteric a.
  • “renal a’s
  • “gonadal a’s
  • x4 “lumbar a’s
  • inferior mesenteric a. (between lumbar a’s)
  • “common iliac a’s*

“ = paired (right and left) *separate base of aorta

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5
Q

Mesenteric arteries supply:

A

Superior:
- pancreas
- small intestine
- (part of) large intestine

Inferior:
- (rest of) large intestine

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6
Q

Major vein branches
(from highest to lowest)

goodnotes diagram

A
  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Coronary Sinus
  • Inferior Vena Cava
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7
Q

Abdominal and pelvic veins, first 5
(from highest to lowest)

goodnotes diagram

A
  • “inferior phrenic v’s
  • “hepatic v’s (branch into 2)
  • R suprarenal v.
  • !L branch
    • L suprarenal v.
    • L renal v.
    • L gonadal v.
  • R renal v.

! not actually a name

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8
Q

Abdominal and pelvic veins, last 5
(from highest to lowest)

goodnotes diagram

A
  • x4 “lumbar veins
  • R gonadal v.
  • “common iliac v’s
    • “internal iliac v’s
    • “external iliac v’s
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9
Q

Hepatic portal system
(structures + purpose)

!!goodnotes diagram

A
  • hepatic portal v. (to liver)
    • inferior mesenteric v. (from left)!!
    • superior mesenteric v. (from right)!!

separate system, drains blood from GI organs to the liver then:
- liver will perform conversion (eg: glucose –> glycogen) & detoxification (remove harmful substances)
- filtered blood goes to hepatic v’s –> inferior VC

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10
Q

Vessel types and their function

A
  • conduit: blood to body regions
  • distribution: blood to organs
  • resistance: cause most of the resistance to circulation
  • exchange: transfer of gases, fluids + nutrients
  • capacitance: reservoir for blood
  • lymph: help maintain fluid balance
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11
Q

Vessel types and examples

A

conduit: aorta
distribution: femoral artery
resistance: arterioles
exchange: capillaries
capacitance: veins
lymph: lymphatics

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12
Q

3 categories of blood vessel
(main purpose and intermediate branch names)

A

in order of bloodflow
Arteries: carry blood from heart
arterioles
Capillaries: gas & nutrient exchange
venules
Veins: return blood to heart

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13
Q

General artery structure
(deep to superficial)

goodnotes image

A
  • Lumen (space the blood fills)
  • ^Tunica Intima
  • ^Tunica Media
  • ^Tunica Externa/Adventitia

^is separated into more layers

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14
Q

Layers of tunica intima
(deep to superficial)

A
  • endothelium
  • internal elastic lamina (arteries)
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15
Q

Layers of tunica media
(deep to superficial)

A
  • smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers
  • external elastic lamina
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16
Q

Layers of tunica externa/adventitia

A
  • elastic & collagen fibers
  • vasa vasorum
17
Q

Vein structure
(deep to superficial)

goodnotes image

A
  • Lumen with valves
  • ^Tunica Intima (no elastic lamina)
  • ^Tunica media (no elastic lamina)
  • ^Tunica externa

^separated into more layers

18
Q

Major differences between veins and arteries

anatomical and physiological

A

Veins have:
- thinner muscular layer
- thinner tunica externa
- no elastic layers
- very low blood pressure
- valves to prevent backflow + assist in blood return

19
Q

Elastic arteries
(structure, explanation, examples)

goodnotes

A

conducting arteries
- more EL & SM (elastic tissues and smooth muscle)
- less E & F (endothelial and fibrous tissue)

elasticity allows vessel to propel blood forward via recoil (it’s like a spring force)
- systole: vessel stretches, diastole: vessel recoils

20
Q

Muscular arteries
(structure, explanation, examples)

goodnotes

A

distributing arteries
- most SM (smooth muscle)
- high F (fibrous)
- small E & EL (endothelial and elastic)

direct blood to specific regions, muscles help regulate the amount

21
Q

Arterioles
(structure, explanation)

goodnotes

A

resistance vessel
- lower levels overall
- more SM & F (smooth muscle and fibrous)
- less E & EL (endothelial and elastic tissue)

smaller and more fibrous to resist bloodflow

22
Q

Capillaries
(basic structure, explanation)

goodnotes

A

exchange vessel
- only E (endothelial)

small enough to fit roughly one blood cell, less tissue to allow exchange

23
Q

Microvascular bed
(labels, explanation)

goodnotes diagram

A

-

24
Q

Types of capillaries
(names, key differences, locations)

A
  • continuous
    • many tight junctions (no openings)
    • in brain, lungs, muscle
  • fenestrated
    • have pores for larger molecules
    • kidney, choroid plexus
  • sinusoid
    • incomplete basement membrane (many holes for rbc and stuff to pass)
    • red bone marrow, liver
25
Q

Capillary exchange

more cards for each point?

A
  • transcytosis (endocytosis & exocytosis)
    • solute exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
    • down the concentration gradient
    • vesicles carry molecules through membrane
    • regulate concentration of molecules in fluids
  • bulk flow
    • down pressure gradient
    • regulate volume of blood and IS fluid
    • ~85% reabsorbed, 15% lots to tissues
26
Q

Oncotic vs hydrostatic pressure

A

oncotic: concentration of proteins, constant across capillary
hydrostatic: blood volume and force of movement (normal BP), changes across capillary

27
Q

Starling’s law of capillaries

A

hydrostatic (H) and oncotic (O) pressure
- for both blood and interstitial fluid
- pressure in IS fluid is almost negligible
- high H in blood, higher filtration
- high O in blood, higher reabsorption
(inverse for IS fluid)

28
Q

Venules
(structure, explanation)

A

capacitance vessel
- no EL (elastic tissues)
- similar E, SM & F

29
Q

Veins
(structure, explanation)

A

also capacitance vessel
- most F (fibrous)
- good amount SM
- very low E & EL

30
Q

What aids in venous return?

A

skeletal muscle pump: muscle contractions to push blood to heart
respiratory pump: diaphragm increases pressure in abdomen, compresses abdominal vessels to return blood to heart

31
Q

Blood distribution
(percentage in vessel types)

A

roughly
60% in resevoir (veins & venules)
15% systemic arteries & arterioles
12% pulmonary vessels
8% heart
5% systemic capillaries

32
Q

Layers of tunica externa/adventitia

A
  • elastic & collagen fibers
  • vasa vasorum

Anatomy 2LL3 (25 decks)

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