4 - Vasculature Flashcards
Major divisions of the aorta
(from closest to furthest from heart)
goodnotes diagram
- Ascending A.
- Arch of the A.
Descending aorta:
- Thoracic d. A.
- Adbominal d. A.
Celiac artery supplies the:
- liver
- stomach
- spleen
- pancreas
- duodenum
Arch of the aorta branches
(from R to L)
- brachiocephalic trunk
- R subclavian a.
- R common carotid a.
- L common carotid a.
- L subclavian a.
Abdominal aorta branches
(from highest to lowest)
goodnotes diagram
- celiac trunk/a.
- “suprarenal a’s
- superior mesenteric a.
- “renal a’s
- “gonadal a’s
- x4 “lumbar a’s
- inferior mesenteric a. (between lumbar a’s)
- “common iliac a’s*
“ = paired (right and left) *separate base of aorta
Mesenteric arteries supply:
Superior:
- pancreas
- small intestine
- (part of) large intestine
Inferior:
- (rest of) large intestine
Major vein branches
(from highest to lowest)
goodnotes diagram
- Superior Vena Cava
- Coronary Sinus
- Inferior Vena Cava
Abdominal and pelvic veins, first 5
(from highest to lowest)
goodnotes diagram
- “inferior phrenic v’s
- “hepatic v’s (branch into 2)
- R suprarenal v.
- !L branch
- L suprarenal v.
- L renal v.
- L gonadal v.
- R renal v.
! not actually a name
Abdominal and pelvic veins, last 5
(from highest to lowest)
goodnotes diagram
- x4 “lumbar veins
- R gonadal v.
- “common iliac v’s
- “internal iliac v’s
- “external iliac v’s
Hepatic portal system
(structures + purpose)
!!goodnotes diagram
- hepatic portal v. (to liver)
- inferior mesenteric v. (from left)!!
- superior mesenteric v. (from right)!!
separate system, drains blood from GI organs to the liver then:
- liver will perform conversion (eg: glucose –> glycogen) & detoxification (remove harmful substances)
- filtered blood goes to hepatic v’s –> inferior VC
Vessel types and their function
- conduit: blood to body regions
- distribution: blood to organs
- resistance: cause most of the resistance to circulation
- exchange: transfer of gases, fluids + nutrients
- capacitance: reservoir for blood
- lymph: help maintain fluid balance
Vessel types and examples
conduit: aorta
distribution: femoral artery
resistance: arterioles
exchange: capillaries
capacitance: veins
lymph: lymphatics
3 categories of blood vessel
(main purpose and intermediate branch names)
in order of bloodflow
Arteries: carry blood from heart
arterioles
Capillaries: gas & nutrient exchange
venules
Veins: return blood to heart
General artery structure
(deep to superficial)
goodnotes image
- Lumen (space the blood fills)
- ^Tunica Intima
- ^Tunica Media
- ^Tunica Externa/Adventitia
^is separated into more layers
Layers of tunica intima
(deep to superficial)
- endothelium
- internal elastic lamina (arteries)
Layers of tunica media
(deep to superficial)
- smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers
- external elastic lamina
Layers of tunica externa/adventitia
- elastic & collagen fibers
- vasa vasorum
Vein structure
(deep to superficial)
goodnotes image
- Lumen with valves
- ^Tunica Intima (no elastic lamina)
- ^Tunica media (no elastic lamina)
- ^Tunica externa
^separated into more layers
Major differences between veins and arteries
anatomical and physiological
Veins have:
- thinner muscular layer
- thinner tunica externa
- no elastic layers
- very low blood pressure
- valves to prevent backflow + assist in blood return
Elastic arteries
(structure, explanation, examples)
goodnotes
conducting arteries
- more EL & SM (elastic tissues and smooth muscle)
- less E & F (endothelial and fibrous tissue)
elasticity allows vessel to propel blood forward via recoil (it’s like a spring force)
- systole: vessel stretches, diastole: vessel recoils
Muscular arteries
(structure, explanation, examples)
goodnotes
distributing arteries
- most SM (smooth muscle)
- high F (fibrous)
- small E & EL (endothelial and elastic)
direct blood to specific regions, muscles help regulate the amount
Arterioles
(structure, explanation)
goodnotes
resistance vessel
- lower levels overall
- more SM & F (smooth muscle and fibrous)
- less E & EL (endothelial and elastic tissue)
smaller and more fibrous to resist bloodflow
Capillaries
(basic structure, explanation)
goodnotes
exchange vessel
- only E (endothelial)
small enough to fit roughly one blood cell, less tissue to allow exchange
Microvascular bed
(labels, explanation)
goodnotes diagram
-
Types of capillaries
(names, key differences, locations)
-
continuous
- many tight junctions (no openings)
- in brain, lungs, muscle
-
fenestrated
- have pores for larger molecules
- kidney, choroid plexus
-
sinusoid
- incomplete basement membrane (many holes for rbc and stuff to pass)
- red bone marrow, liver
