21 - Genito-Urinary Anatomy Flashcards
XX gonadal development
- outside of indifferent gonad develops into ovary
- paramesonephric duct degrades (mostly)
- mesonephric kidney degrades
- ovary descends as it develops
- kidney develops from remains of paramesonephric duct
- kidney ascends as it develops with ureter
name for pressure/swelling in the ureter or kidney
ureter: hydroureter
kidney: hydronephrosis
histology of the ureter
GN
superficial to deep:
- circular muscle layer and
- longitudinal muscle layer
- for peristalsis (push urine into the bladder)
- epithelial lining - mucosal layer
- protect against bacteria
the bony pelvis
(sections)
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
- acetabulum (hip socket)
- pubic symphysis (lower connection between R and L sides)
*fuse from 3 different bones in adolescence
bony pelvis
(difference between males and females)
female:
- light and thin
- shallow false pelvis (shorter and wider)
- large, slightly oval pelvic brim
- subpubic arch angle > 90 degrees
- angled slightly anterior
male:
- heavy and thick
- deep, cup shaped false pelvis (taller and thinner)
- small, heart shaped pelvic brim
- subpubic arch angle < 90 degrees
- angled strongly anterior
lumbar spine
(difference between males and females)
in females: lumbar spine curved towards the back to accomodate changes in center of mass
ligaments and support structures in the female body
quiz GN
- round ligament
- uterine fundus
- utero-ovarian ligament
- uterosaacral ligament
- suspensory ligament
- broad ligament
prolapsed uterus
uterus is insufficiently supported, cervix outside vagina
can be fixed by:
- pessary: plastic insertion to keep cervix pushed up
- colposuspension (colpopexy): tie to peritoneal wall
uterine inversion
when the uterus goes inside out… pls no
- tends to happen if the placenta is pulled too hard (as the placenta is attached to the uterine wall)
label another diagram (female anatomy)
GN quiz
- rectouterine cul-de-sac
- vesicouterine pouch
- fimbrae
- ovary
- uterine tube
- colon
- uterus
- urinary bladder
- pubic symphysis
- mons pubis
- erectile tissue of clitoris
- external cervical os
- rectum
- anus
- labium minorum
- labium majorum
- vaginal lumen
muscles of the female pelvic floor
GN quiz
- ishiocavernosus
- bulbospongiosus
- superficial transverse perineal
- deep transverse perineal
- levator ani:
- iliococcygeus
- pubococcygeus
- puborectalis
vaginal histology
- statified squamous (non-keratinized)
- mucosa (sugar produced inside the cells)
- lamina propria
- connective tissue
- muscularis
- transition zone (between cervix and vagina)
traits of the vaginal wall
- mucus from the cervix, no glands in the vaginal wall
- sugar produced in the mucosal layer to feed good bacteria
- pH drops to ~4
male midsaggital section (label diagram)
GN quiz
- colon
- urinary bladder
- pubic symphysis
- corpus cavernosum
- glans penis
- prostate
- rectum
- bulb of the penis
- corpus spongiosum
- scrotum
coronal section of male bladder
quiz GN
- internal urethral sphincter
- prostate
- bulbourethral glands
- urethra
- ischiocavernous muscle
- bulbospongiosus muscle
