9/30/12 b

Question 1

What muscle relaxant can cause hyperkalemia (and potentially arrhythmias), malignant hyperthermia, or brady-/tachycardia?

Answer 1

succinylcholine

Question 2

What is a major feared side effect of carbamazepine?

Answer 2

agranulocytosis

Question 3

What is isoproterenol?

Answer 3

non-selective β-agonist

Question 4

What is Clonidine?

Answer 4

A central sympatholytic that agonizes α2 receptors in the brainstem.

Question 5

A bone marrow sample consisting of greater than 30% plasma cells is diagnostic of _______.

Answer 5

multiple myeloma

Question 6

How does multiple myeloma cause bone resorption?

Answer 6

Neoplastic plasma cells release IL-1 and IL-6, which activate osteoclasts.

Question 7

What is the typical appearance of bone resorption in multiple myeloma?

Answer 7

punched-out lesion

Question 8

Why would multiple myeloma cause fatigue, confusion, and constipation?

Answer 8

hypercalcemia

Question 9

What is the amyloid / amyloid protein in multiple myeloma called? What is it made up of?

Answer 9

AL amyloid, Bence-Jones protein; Ig light chains

Question 10

What factor can be released by the placenta of a dead but retained fetus to cause DIC?

Answer 10

thromboplastin (aka tissue factor)

Question 11

What is the antidote for midazolam?

Answer 11

flumazenil

Question 12

How does propafol help prevent ARDS?

Answer 12

antiemetic

Question 13

What kind of a drug is the anesthetic/analgesic fentanyl?

Answer 13

opiate

Question 14

Ketamine is an analog of what drug of abuse?

Answer 14

Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust)

Question 15

Ketamine prevents glutamate stimulation in the CNS as _______.

Answer 15

NMDA antagonist

Question 16

Chronic rejection of a lung transplant causes a condition called _______.

Answer 16

bronchiolitis obliterans

Question 17

Chronic rejection of a renal transplant primarily affects what structures?

Answer 17

vasculature

Question 18

The main Sx of bronchiolitis obliterans are _______ and _______.

Answer 18

dyspnea and wheezing

Question 19

Where is H. pylori most likely to be found on endoscopic biopsy?

Answer 19

pyloric antrum

Question 20

What, specifically, is the target of Linezolid? Mech?

Answer 20

The 23S subunit of the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing assembly of the initiation complex.
(“LINEzolid, disrupting the ASSEMBLY LINE.”)

Question 21

What MRSA drug is associated w/ myopathy?

Answer 21

Daptomycin

Question 22

What is daptomycin’s mechanism of action?

Answer 22

disrupts Gram (+) cell membranes

Question 23

What is the cause of “retinopathy of prematurity”?

Answer 23

Concentrated oxygen therapy and subsequent retinal neovascularization (and potential retinal detachment) upon return to room air.

Question 24

What brain tumor, most common in adults 40-70, is characterized by areas of necrosis surrounded by “pseudopalisading” tumor cells and vascular proliferation?

Answer 24

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 25

Which brain tumors contain psammoma bodies?

Answer 25

meningiomas

Question 26

What is the function of the normal APC gene product?

Answer 26

intercellular attachment

Question 27

What GI malignancy causes intractable diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, and dehydration?

Answer 27

VIPoma

Question 28

What GI malignancy causes hyperglycemia and rashes in the lower body?

Answer 28

Glucagonoma

Question 29

What substance is secreted by the pancreatic δ-cells?

Answer 29

somatostatin

Question 30

Expression of the N-myc proto-oncogene is seen in what malignancies?

Answer 30

Neuroblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma

Question 31

What 3 neurotransmitters are lost in the caudate nucleus in Huntington’s disease?

Answer 31

GABA, ACh, and substance P

Question 32

What process directly causes neuronal toxicity in Huntington’s disease? (Clue: A similar process is though to occur in Alzheimer’s disease.)

Answer 32

NMDA receptor activation by glutamate