9/30/12 b Flashcards
What muscle relaxant can cause hyperkalemia (and potentially arrhythmias), malignant hyperthermia, or brady-/tachycardia?
succinylcholine
What is a major feared side effect of carbamazepine?
agranulocytosis
What is isoproterenol?
non-selective β-agonist
What is Clonidine?
A central sympatholytic that agonizes α2 receptors in the brainstem.
A bone marrow sample consisting of greater than 30% plasma cells is diagnostic of _______.
multiple myeloma
How does multiple myeloma cause bone resorption?
Neoplastic plasma cells release IL-1 and IL-6, which activate osteoclasts.
What is the typical appearance of bone resorption in multiple myeloma?
punched-out lesion
Why would multiple myeloma cause fatigue, confusion, and constipation?
hypercalcemia
What is the amyloid / amyloid protein in multiple myeloma called? What is it made up of?
AL amyloid, Bence-Jones protein; Ig light chains
What factor can be released by the placenta of a dead but retained fetus to cause DIC?
thromboplastin (aka tissue factor)
What is the antidote for midazolam?
flumazenil
How does propafol help prevent ARDS?
antiemetic
What kind of a drug is the anesthetic/analgesic fentanyl?
opiate
Ketamine is an analog of what drug of abuse?
Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust)
Ketamine prevents glutamate stimulation in the CNS as _______.
NMDA antagonist
Chronic rejection of a lung transplant causes a condition called _______.
bronchiolitis obliterans
Chronic rejection of a renal transplant primarily affects what structures?
vasculature
The main Sx of bronchiolitis obliterans are _______ and _______.
dyspnea and wheezing
Where is H. pylori most likely to be found on endoscopic biopsy?
pyloric antrum
What, specifically, is the target of Linezolid? Mech?
The 23S subunit of the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing assembly of the initiation complex.
(“LINEzolid, disrupting the ASSEMBLY LINE.”)
What MRSA drug is associated w/ myopathy?
Daptomycin
What is daptomycin’s mechanism of action?
disrupts Gram (+) cell membranes
What is the cause of “retinopathy of prematurity”?
Concentrated oxygen therapy and subsequent retinal neovascularization (and potential retinal detachment) upon return to room air.
What brain tumor, most common in adults 40-70, is characterized by areas of necrosis surrounded by “pseudopalisading” tumor cells and vascular proliferation?
glioblastoma multiforme
Which brain tumors contain psammoma bodies?
meningiomas
What is the function of the normal APC gene product?
intercellular attachment
What GI malignancy causes intractable diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, and dehydration?
VIPoma
What GI malignancy causes hyperglycemia and rashes in the lower body?
Glucagonoma
What substance is secreted by the pancreatic δ-cells?
somatostatin
Expression of the N-myc proto-oncogene is seen in what malignancies?
Neuroblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma
What 3 neurotransmitters are lost in the caudate nucleus in Huntington’s disease?
GABA, ACh, and substance P
What process directly causes neuronal toxicity in Huntington’s disease? (Clue: A similar process is though to occur in Alzheimer’s disease.)
NMDA receptor activation by glutamate
