10/1/12 Flashcards
What causes antral-predominant gastritis?
H. pylori infection
What causes antral-sparing chronic gastritis?
autoimmune gastritis
An ulcer in the DISTAL duodenum is probably caused by what?
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
How can Zollinger-Ellison syndrome cause diarrhea?
gastric acid incativation of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes –> poor nutritional absorption
What kind of arteriolar pathology does non-malignant hypertension cause?
hyaline arteriolosclerosis
What kind of arteriolar pathology does malignant hypertension cause?
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis - onion-skinning (laminated smooth muscle cells w/ reduplicated BM
Fill in the blank w/ the proper antifungal.
flucytosine
Fill n the blank w/ the proper antifungal.
caspofungin
Fill in the blank w/ the proper antifungals (2).
Amphotericin B & Nystatin
Fill in the blank w/ the proper antifungal.
-azoles
What are merocrine glands?
aka eccrine glands - release watery NaCl sol’n sweat to skin
What are apocrine glands?
release odorous sweat into hair folllicles; not active until puberty; alter secretions w/ menstrual cycle
What are sebaceous glands?
a type of holocrine gland, the entire cell bursts to release an oily material into the hair follicle that then serves to lubricate the skin
What cells direct the damage in Crohn’s disease? What cytokines?
Th1 - IL-2, IFN-γ
(induce MΦs to release TNF)
What cells direct the damage in ulcerative colitis? What cytokines?
Th2 - IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10
How is the clinical presentation of an aortic dissection differ from that of an AAA?
dissection - tearing pain; AAA - vague abdominal discomfort
Microangiopathic hemollytic Anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia in a child.
HUS
What 2 infedtions usu. lead to the development of HUS?
Shigella dysenteriae or E. coli O157:H7
How is the pathogenesis of HUS related to Shigella and EHEC?
Shiga-toxin (verotoxin) is released into the bloodstream causing endothelial damage and thrombus formation.
PSGN is associated w/ low _______ levels.
complement
Osmotic damage d/t uncontrolled DM occurs in cells that contain aldose reductase, but insufficient _______.
sorbitol d.h. (polyol d.h.)
What triggers the excess growth and proliferation of neoplastic cells in hepatocellular carcinoma?
Integration of HBV DNA into host genome.
HBV induces neoplastic change in liver cells by increasing activity of what enzymes?
IGF-I and -II
HBV induces neoplastic change in liver cells by reducing the activity of what cellular protein?
p53
What are aflatoxins?
Carcinogenic toxins produced by Aspergillus
What is the mechanism of action of oseltamivir and zanamavir? What class of antivirals are they?
Neuraminidase inhibitors: inhibit virion release from host cell
What kind of a drug is the antiretroviral enfuvirtide?
fusion inhibitor
What is the most common cause of death in pts w/ DM?
MI
Pulmonary berylliosis strongly resembles what othe lung pathology?
sarcoidosis
Exogenous administration of _______ will typically prevent gallstone formation in pts w/ prolonged total parenteral nutrition.
CCK
What is the cellular function of Erb-B2?
Transmembrane glycoprotein w/ Tyr kinase activity
What do you call the anti-HER2 monoclonal Ab?
trastuzumab
What 2 cancers is N-myc usu. associated w/?
neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer
What kind of a cell is the one seen here from a lymph node biopsy? What disease is it associated with?
Reed-Sternberg cell; Hodgkin’s disease
