9/3: Sensors & Digital Imaging Flashcards
1
Q
- How many dental offices use digital radiography?
A
90%
2
Q
- What are the different intraoral film sizes?
A
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4
3
Q
- Is there a size 3 intraoral film?
A
a. No
4
Q
- What intraoral film sizes do what?
A
a. Size 0,1,2 = PA or BW
b. Size 4 = Occlusal
5
Q
- Size 0 is for
A
a. Pediatric
6
Q
- Size 1 is for
A
a. PA, pediatric
7
Q
- Size 2 is for
A
a. Standard
8
Q
- What is the composition for film?
A
a. Supercoat = thin layer of hard plastic
b. Emulsion
c. Adhesive
d. Base
9
Q
- Emulsion is comprised of
A
a. Gel and Ag = halide crystal
10
Q
- The base of the film is comprised of
A
a. Plastic
11
Q
- In film processing, the chemicals used to form elemental Ag are from
A
a. Silver halide salt
12
Q
- Chemical changes are what dependent?
A
a. Time
b. Temperature
c. Concentration
13
Q
- Film has to be _____ processed
A
a. Manually
14
Q
- What x-ray technique needs to be replenished when chemicals get diluted?
A
a. Film
15
Q
- This is a table with columns and rows that are assigned a number value for each pixel that determines a gray intensity
A
a. Digital film
16
Q
- Pixel is derived from the words
A
a. PEL (picture element)
17
Q
- Pixels are
A
a. Electrified
17
Q
- This is the smallest portion of a sensor, image, or display that is capable of being recorded and then printed/displayed
A
a. Pixel
18
Q
- Does each pixel have a pre-exposure electrical charge?
A
Yes
19
Q
- What do x-ray photons do to the pixels?
A
a. Change their electrical charge
20
Q
- The thicker/denser the body part adjacent the sensor, the ___ the x–photons can affect the electrical charge
A
Less
21
Q
- What are the different types of dental digital radiography?
A
a. Historic (indirect)
b. Indirect (semidirect)
c. Direct
22
Q
- What kind of digital radiographs are historic?
A
a. Flatbed scanner
b. Slide scanner
c. Digital cameras
23
Q
- What kind of digital radiographs are indirect?
A
PSP
24
25. What kind of digital radiographs do we use in school?
a. Direct
25
26. What kind of digital radiographs are direct?
a. Charge-coupled device
b. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
26
27. What is a problem with indirect digital radiography?
a. Loss or alliteration of information due to partial volume averaging
27
28. When was the 1st film-like sensor introduced?
a. 1994
28
29. What do you need to process semidirect radiographs like PSP?
a. Laser scanner
29
30. What is a PSP plate coated with?
a. Crystalline (halide emulsion)
30
31. What are the principles of PSP detectors?
a. X-ray
b. Psp plate coated with crystalline
c. Scanned with red laser
d. Emits fluorescent light
e. Intensified by a photomultiplier tube
f. Light intensity converted to digital data
g. Exposed to strong light to erase residual
h. Reuse
31
32. What barrier do you need to use for PSP plates?
a. Barrier envelopes
b. Plate transfer box
32
33. What do you ONLY need for a CCD?
a. analog-to-digital converter
33
34. Are direct sensors similar in size to film and PSP?
Yes
34
35. What does the Cesium scintillator operate?
a. Solid state sensor
35
36. CCD/CMOS sensors have what 2 components?
a. External size
b. Internal active area
36
37. The internal active area is the portion of the sensor that does what?
a. Produces an image
37
38. Each pixel is characterized by what 2 things?
a. Location
b. Intensity
38
39. Sensor thickness sweet spot is what?
a. 4-6mm
39
40. What is the active ingredient in CCD?
a. Silicon
40
41. Does CCD or CMOS need additional power to convert photon energy to an electronic digital signal?
a. CCD
41
42. What are the principles of CCDs?
X-ray → scintillating material → light photons → silicon → electrons deposited in electron wells → transferred in a sequential manner (charge-coupling) → read out amplifier → images on monitor
42
43. In a CCD you have a charge-coupled device sensor that does what conversions?
a. Photon to electron conversion
b. Electron to voltage conversion
43
44. When comparing CCD and CMOS, what is true about CMOS?
a. Faster processing
b. Requires less power
c. Better image quality
44
45. When comparing CCD and CMOS, what is true about CCD?
a. Less radiation
45
46. What are the principles of CMOS?
a. X-ray → scintillating material → light photons → silicon → electrons deposited in electron wells and converted to voltage in each pixel → smoother signal digitization → software processing → images on monitor
46
47. Does CCD or CMOS require less power?
a. CMOS
47
48. 2^(bit) =
a. Number of shades of gray
48
49. This is the number of colors or gray shades that a pixel is able to show
a. Bit depth
49
50. Why is digital imaging appealing?
a. Less radiation
b. Lower cost
c. Environmentally friendly
