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D2 Fall - Radiology > 9/3: Sensors & Digital Imaging > Flashcards

9/3: Sensors & Digital Imaging Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How many dental offices use digital radiography?
A

90%

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2
Q
  1. What are the different intraoral film sizes?
A

a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4

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3
Q
  1. Is there a size 3 intraoral film?
A

a. No

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4
Q
  1. What intraoral film sizes do what?
A

a. Size 0,1,2 = PA or BW
b. Size 4 = Occlusal

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5
Q
  1. Size 0 is for
A

a. Pediatric

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6
Q
  1. Size 1 is for
A

a. PA, pediatric

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7
Q
  1. Size 2 is for
A

a. Standard

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8
Q
  1. What is the composition for film?
A

a. Supercoat = thin layer of hard plastic
b. Emulsion
c. Adhesive
d. Base

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9
Q
  1. Emulsion is comprised of
A

a. Gel and Ag = halide crystal

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10
Q
  1. The base of the film is comprised of
A

a. Plastic

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11
Q
  1. In film processing, the chemicals used to form elemental Ag are from
A

a. Silver halide salt

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12
Q
  1. Chemical changes are what dependent?
A

a. Time
b. Temperature
c. Concentration

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13
Q
  1. Film has to be _____ processed
A

a. Manually

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14
Q
  1. What x-ray technique needs to be replenished when chemicals get diluted?
A

a. Film

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15
Q
  1. This is a table with columns and rows that are assigned a number value for each pixel that determines a gray intensity
A

a. Digital film

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16
Q
  1. Pixel is derived from the words
A

a. PEL (picture element)

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17
Q
  1. Pixels are
A

a. Electrified

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17
Q
  1. This is the smallest portion of a sensor, image, or display that is capable of being recorded and then printed/displayed
A

a. Pixel

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18
Q
  1. Does each pixel have a pre-exposure electrical charge?
A

Yes

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19
Q
  1. What do x-ray photons do to the pixels?
A

a. Change their electrical charge

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20
Q
  1. The thicker/denser the body part adjacent the sensor, the ___ the x–photons can affect the electrical charge
A

Less

21
Q
  1. What are the different types of dental digital radiography?
A

a. Historic (indirect)
b. Indirect (semidirect)
c. Direct

22
Q
  1. What kind of digital radiographs are historic?
A

a. Flatbed scanner
b. Slide scanner
c. Digital cameras

23
Q
  1. What kind of digital radiographs are indirect?
A

PSP

24
Q
  1. What kind of digital radiographs do we use in school?
A

a. Direct

25
Q
  1. What kind of digital radiographs are direct?
A

a. Charge-coupled device
b. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor

26
Q
  1. What is a problem with indirect digital radiography?
A

a. Loss or alliteration of information due to partial volume averaging

27
Q
  1. When was the 1st film-like sensor introduced?
A

a. 1994

28
Q
  1. What do you need to process semidirect radiographs like PSP?
A

a. Laser scanner

29
Q
  1. What is a PSP plate coated with?
A

a. Crystalline (halide emulsion)

30
Q
  1. What are the principles of PSP detectors?
A

a. X-ray
b. Psp plate coated with crystalline
c. Scanned with red laser
d. Emits fluorescent light
e. Intensified by a photomultiplier tube
f. Light intensity converted to digital data
g. Exposed to strong light to erase residual
h. Reuse

31
Q
  1. What barrier do you need to use for PSP plates?
A

a. Barrier envelopes
b. Plate transfer box

32
Q
  1. What do you ONLY need for a CCD?
A

a. analog-to-digital converter

33
Q
  1. Are direct sensors similar in size to film and PSP?
A

Yes

34
Q
  1. What does the Cesium scintillator operate?
A

a. Solid state sensor

35
Q
  1. CCD/CMOS sensors have what 2 components?
A

a. External size
b. Internal active area

36
Q
  1. The internal active area is the portion of the sensor that does what?
A

a. Produces an image

37
Q
  1. Each pixel is characterized by what 2 things?
A

a. Location
b. Intensity

38
Q
  1. Sensor thickness sweet spot is what?
A

a. 4-6mm

39
Q
  1. What is the active ingredient in CCD?
A

a. Silicon

40
Q
  1. Does CCD or CMOS need additional power to convert photon energy to an electronic digital signal?
A

a. CCD

41
Q
  1. What are the principles of CCDs?
A

X-ray → scintillating material → light photons → silicon → electrons deposited in electron wells → transferred in a sequential manner (charge-coupling) → read out amplifier → images on monitor

42
Q
  1. In a CCD you have a charge-coupled device sensor that does what conversions?
A

a. Photon to electron conversion
b. Electron to voltage conversion

43
Q
  1. When comparing CCD and CMOS, what is true about CMOS?
A

a. Faster processing
b. Requires less power
c. Better image quality

44
Q
  1. When comparing CCD and CMOS, what is true about CCD?
A

a. Less radiation

45
Q
  1. What are the principles of CMOS?
A

a. X-ray → scintillating material → light photons → silicon → electrons deposited in electron wells and converted to voltage in each pixel → smoother signal digitization → software processing → images on monitor

46
Q
  1. Does CCD or CMOS require less power?
A

a. CMOS

47
Q
  1. 2^(bit) =
A

a. Number of shades of gray

48
Q
  1. This is the number of colors or gray shades that a pixel is able to show
A

a. Bit depth

49
Q
  1. Why is digital imaging appealing?
A

a. Less radiation
b. Lower cost
c. Environmentally friendly

D2 Fall - Radiology (12 decks)

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