8/19: Ionizing Radiation Flashcards
1
Q
- Anything that has mass and occupies a space
A
Matter
2
Q
- What is the basic unit of all matter?
A
Atoms
3
Q
- Nucleus =
A
a. Proton + neutron
4
Q
- The atomic number represents what?
A
a. Number of protons
5
Q
- The atomic mass =
A
a. Neutrons + protons
6
Q
- In a neutral atom, there is a same amount of _______ as protons
A
Electrons
7
Q
- What determines the identity of the atom?
A
a. Atomic number
8
Q
- On the side of the element symbol, what do the 2 numbers represent?
A
a. Top = mass number
b. Bottom = atomic number
9
Q
- This is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its shell
A
a. Binding energy
10
Q
- In what units do we measure binding energy?
A
a. eV (electron volts)
11
Q
- Within an atom, which electrons are more tightly bound?
A
a. Inner (K>L>M)
12
Q
- Atomic number is represented by what letter?
A
Z
13
Q
- Atomic mass is represented by what letter?
A
A
14
Q
- More protons = higher
A
Z
15
Q
- If you have a High Z, then you have more protons, therefore what occurs with electrons?
A
a. More tightly bound
16
Q
- The electron binding energy is related to the
A
a. Atomic number
17
Q
- There is a direct relation between the electron binding energy and the
A
a. Atomic number
18
Q
- If electrons = protons, you have a
A
a. Neutral atom
19
Q
- The higher the (Z) then
A
a. The higher the electron binding energy
20
Q
- This is the process of forming a positive and negative ion by removal of an electron from a neutral atom
A
Ionization
21
Q
(T/F) to ionize an atom, we do NOT need sufficient energy to overcome the electrostatic force and free the electron
A
False, we need
22
Q
- What do we need to create an ion pair?
A
a. External energy to remove a electron to create a positive/negative molecule
23
Q
- Say that K = 10,000 binding energy. How much external energy do we need to knock off an electron?
A
a. At least 10,000
24
Q
- What is true about ionization?
A
a. Photon energy/external energy must be greater than binding energy
b. Ion pair is formed
25
25. This is the transmission of energy through space (vacuum) and matter
a. Radiation
26
26. Radiation may occur in what 2 forms?
a. Wave theory
b. Quantum (particles) theory
27
27. This explains the propagation of radiation
a. Wave theory
28
28. This explains the interaction of radiation with matter
a. Quantum theory
29
29. Do X-rays have weight/mass?
No
30
30. Why is Wave theory electromagnetic radiation?
a. Movement of energy through space as a combination of electron and magnetic fields
31
31. What 2 things do we need in wave theory?
a. Wavelength
b. Frequency
32
32. This is the distance between 2 successive crests (top to top or bottom to bottom)
a. Wavelength
33
33. This is the number of wavelengths passing a particular point in time (Hz)
a. Frequency
34
34. What is the equation for wave theory?
a. C (speed of light) = frequency x wavelength
35
35. High frequency and short wavelength =
a. High energy radiation
36
36. Low frequency, long wavelength =
a. Low energy radiation
37
37. This radiation does not have sufficient energy to eject an electron from the shells
a. Non-ionizing
38
38. This radiation has sufficient energy to eject an electron from the shells
a. Ionizing
39
39. What considers radiation as small bundles of energy called photons?
a. Quantum theory
40
40. Quantum theory considers radiation as small bundles of energy called
a. Photons
41
41. Each photon has 3 things according to Quantum theory?
a. Mass (eV) and Energy
b. Travels in straight lines at the speed of light
42
42. Are photons/particles according to quantum theory charged or not?
a. Electrically charged
43
43. What particles are NOT electrically charged?
a. Neutrons
b. X-rays
44
44. What is particulate radiation?
a. photons
45
45. At what point do we get ionizing radiation?
UV
46
46. This is directly proportional to frequency, inversely proportional to wavelength
Energy
47
47. High frequency means short wavelength →
a. High energy
48
48. Low frequency means longer wavelength →
Low energy
49
49. Lower velocity, higher charge, and bigger size =
a. Greater LET
50
50. Less penetration because they lose their energy after short distances
a. Higher LET
51
51. Do X-rays have weight?
No
52
52. What are the properties of X-rays? (on every exam)
a. Invisible, weightless, no electric charge
b. Travels in straight lines
c. Travels at speed of light
d. Highly penetrating (short WL)
e. Differently absorbed by matter
f. Can ionize matter
g. Produce biological changes
53
53. When the transferred energy is not sufficient to overcome binding energy, what happens to e-?
a. Not ejected
54
54. Receiving e- is raised to higher energy within the orbit and this instantly causes what?
a. Gives up excess energy and returns to ground level
