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D2 Fall - Radiology > 8/27: Factors Controlling X-Ray Beam Intensity > Flashcards

8/27: Factors Controlling X-Ray Beam Intensity Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The total amount of energy contained in the x-ray beam
A

Intensity

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2
Q
  1. Intensity =
A

a. Quantity x Quality

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3
Q
  1. The number of photons in the beam
A

a. Quantity

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4
Q
  1. “Quantity” is primarily related to ____ and ____ and less so by tube voltage (kVp)
A

a. Tube current
b. Exposure time

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5
Q
  1. This is the average energy in the x-ray beam
A

a. quality

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6
Q
  1. Quantity is expressed as
A

a. Current (mA) x Time (sec) → mAs

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7
Q
  1. This is controlled primarily by the tube voltage (kVp)
A

a. Quality

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8
Q
  1. X-ray of the beam is
A

a. Heterogenous

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9
Q
  1. What are the 6 factors that control the x-ray beam intensity?
A

a. Tube voltage
b. Exposure time
c. Tube current
d. Filtration
e. Collimation
f. Source-receptor distance

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10
Q
  1. As the tube voltage increases, what happens to the number of photons generated?
A

a. Increases (quantity)

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11
Q
  1. As the tube voltage increases, what happens to the mean energy of photons?
A

a. Increases (quality)

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12
Q
  1. As the tube voltage increases, what happens to the maximum energy of photons?
A

a. increases

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13
Q
  1. As the tube voltage increases, what 3 things occur?
A

a. Increase # of photons
b. Increase mean energy of photons
c. Increases maximum energy of photons

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14
Q
  1. As exposure time increases, what happens to the number of photons generated?
A

a. Increase (quantity)

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15
Q
  1. As exposure time increases, what happens to the mean energy of photons?
A

a. Quality unchanged

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16
Q
  1. As exposure time increases, what happens to the maximum energy of photons?
A

a. Quality unchanged

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17
Q
  1. The tube current is represented as
A

mA

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18
Q
  1. As mA increases, what happens to the number of photons?
A

a. Increases (increased quantity)

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19
Q
  1. As mA increases, what happens to the mean energy of photons?
A

a. Remains unchanged

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20
Q
  1. As mA increases, what happens to the maximum energy of photons?
A

a. Remain unchanged

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21
Q
  1. This selectively removes long wavelength (low energy) x-rays
A

a. Filtration

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22
Q
  1. Kind of x-rays does filtration remove?
A

a. Long wavelength (low energy)

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23
Q
  1. Total filtration =
A

a. Inherent filtration + added filtration

24
Q
  1. What factor that affects x-ray intensity decreases the quantity of photons?
A

a. filtration

25
Q
  1. What are examples of inherent filtration?
A

a. Glass envelope
b. Immersion oil
c. Metal housing
d. Tube window

26
Q
  1. What are examples of added filtration?
A

a. Aluminum disk

27
Q
  1. As filtration increases, what happens to the number of photons?
A

a. Decreases (decrease quantity)

28
Q
  1. As filtration increases, what happens to the mean energy of photons?
A

a. Increases (increases quality)

29
Q
  1. As filtration increases, what happens to the maximum energy of photons?
A

a. Remains unchanged

30
Q
  1. This restricts the size and shape of the beam
A

a. Collimation

31
Q
  1. What 3 things happen with collimation?
A

a. # of photons decreases
b. Mean energy of photons is unchanged
c. Maximum energy of photons is unchanged

32
Q
  1. The intensity of the beam varies to what law?
A

a. Inverse square law

33
Q
  1. The intensity of the beam varies inversely to the square of the
A

a. Source-to-receptor distance

34
Q
  1. If the distance is doubled (8-16), the new intensity will be
A

a. 1⁄4

35
Q
  1. If the distance is tripled (4-12), the new intensity will be
A

a. 1/9

36
Q
  1. If the distance is halved (16-8), the new intensity will be
A

a. 4x

37
Q
  1. As source-to-receptor increases, what 3 things happen?
A

a. # of photons decreases (decreased quantity)
b. Mean energy of photons is unchanged
c. Maximum energy of photons is unchanged

38
Q
  1. This is altered by factors affecting Quantity of the beam
A

a. Density

39
Q
  1. The amount of blackness of an energy is related to what?
A

a. How many x-rays reach the receptor

40
Q
  1. This is altered by factors affecting the Quality of the beam
A

a. Contrast

41
Q
  1. Density is primarily controlled by mA or kVp?
A

a. mA

42
Q
  1. Decreasing mA does what to density?
A

a. decreases

43
Q
  1. Increasing the quantity will increase what?
A

a. Density of an image (making it darker)

44
Q
  1. if you increase density, what happens to the radiograph image?
A

a. Becomes darker

45
Q
  1. If you decrease density, what happens to the radiograph image?
A

a. Becomes lighter

46
Q
  1. Density controls what?
A

a. blackness

47
Q
  1. What is the mA rule of density?
A

a. mA and exposure time are inversely proportional

48
Q
  1. Are mA and exposure time directly or inversely proportional?
A

a. Inversely

49
Q
  1. This is the difference in densities between light and dark regions of a radiograph
A

a. Contrast

50
Q
  1. Lower contrast means what?
A

a. More shades of gray

51
Q
  1. Higher contrasts means what?
A

a. Less shades of gray

52
Q
  1. Contrast is primarily controlled by what?
A

a. Voltage (kVp)

53
Q
  1. What affects contrast?
A

kV

54
Q
  1. Does high contrast have low or high kVp?
A

a. Low kVp

55
Q
  1. Does low contrast have low or high kVp?
A

a. High kVp

55
Q
  1. High contrasts produce what?
A

a. Short gray scale, low kV

56
Q
  1. Low contrast produces what?
A

a. Long gray scale, high kV

D2 Fall - Radiology (12 decks)

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