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D2 Fall - Radiology > 8/20: Production of X-Rays > Flashcards

8/20: Production of X-Rays Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the numbers listed on the X-ray machine?
A

a. Exposure time
b. kVp
c. mA selectors
d. Exposure button
e. Indicator light and audible signal

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2
Q
  1. What are the parts of the X-ray machine?
A

a. Control panel
b. Tube head
c. Extension arm

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3
Q
  1. What is the tube head composed of?
A

a. Power supply + x-ray tube

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4
Q
  1. Is the cathode or anode associated with the step-down transformer?
A

Cathode

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5
Q
  1. Is the cathode or anode associated with the step-up transformer?
A

Anode

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6
Q
  1. What liquid surrounds the cathode and anode?
A

a. Insulating oil

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7
Q
  1. The x-ray beam must pass through what?
A

a. Aluminum filter

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8
Q
  1. What 2 things are in a cathode?
A

a. Filament
b. Focusing cup

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9
Q
  1. What is the cathode filament made of?
A

a. Tungsten

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10
Q
  1. What is the source of the electrons in the cathode?
A

a. filament

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11
Q
  1. The filament in the cathode emits what?
A

a. Electrons

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12
Q
  1. The cathode is heated with a low voltage source and emits electrons at a rate proportional to its temperature. This is known as (step-down transformer will control heat!!!!!!!!!)
A

a. Thermionic emission

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13
Q
  1. What is the cathode focusing cup composed of?
A

a. Molybdenum

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14
Q
  1. What is true regarding the step-down transformer?
A

a. Controls heat to cathode (thermionic emission)

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15
Q
  1. The focusing cusp focuses the electrons into a
A

a. Focal spot

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16
Q
  1. Is the cathode positive or negative?
A

Negative

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17
Q
  1. Is the anode positive or negative?
A

Positive

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18
Q
  1. What 2 things make up the anode?
A

a. Tungsten target
b. Copper stem

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19
Q
  1. The focal spot is located on the
A

a. Tungsten target of the anode

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20
Q
  1. Where do the electrons hit
A

a. Tungsten target on the anode

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21
Q
  1. This transforms the kinetic energy of the colliding electrons into x-ray photons
A

a. Tungsten target

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22
Q
  1. What occurs at the tungsten target?
A

a. Produces X-rays

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23
Q
  1. Is the tungsten target efficient or inefficient?
A

a. Inefficient 99%, 1% efficient

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24
Q
  1. The tungsten target is attached to what part of the anode?
A

a. Copper stem

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25
Q
  1. This works as a thermal conductor to remove the heat from the tungsten avoiding target melting
A

a. Copper stem

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26
Q
  1. Why is tungsten a good target material?
A

a. High atomic number
b. High melting point
c. High thermal conductivity
d. Low vapor pressure

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27
Q
  1. What are the conditions necessary for X-ray production?
A

a. Separation of electrons
b. Production of high-speed electrons
c. Concentration of electrons
d. Sudden stoppage of electron steam

28
Q
  1. Does having a higher atomic number help with efficient production of X-rays
A

Yes

29
Q
  1. Separation of electrons is called
A

a. Thermionic emission (in the cathode filament)

30
Q
  1. High potential difference is produced between the cathode and anode by applying what
A

a. High voltage between them

31
Q
  1. To what speed are electrons accelerated?
A

a. 0.5x speed of light

32
Q
  1. What does the copper stem do to the tungsten?
A

a. Remove the heat because it is an inefficient process

33
Q
  1. Do you want a bigger or smaller focal spot?
A

a. Smaller

34
Q
  1. Why is size important for the focal spot?
A

a. The smaller = higher spatial resolution

35
Q
  1. The smaller the focal spot, the heat _____
A

a. Accumulates

36
Q
  1. When the focal spot is smaller, you get more heat accumulation. What 2 ways can you overcome this problem?
A

a. Rotating anodes
b. Stationary anodes

37
Q
  1. Stationary anodes are also known as what principle?
A

a. Line-focus principle

38
Q
  1. This allows heat at the focal spot to spread out over a large surface
A

a. Rotating anode

39
Q
  1. Rotating anodes can be identified by
A

a. Dark band

40
Q
  1. Rotating anodes are used in
A

a. Medical devices

41
Q
  1. This is when you angle the target to achieve a smaller effective focal spot than the actual focal spot
A

a. Line-focus principle (stationary anode)

42
Q
  1. The projection of the focal spot perpendicular to the target
A

a. Actual focal spot

43
Q
  1. the projection of the focal spot perpendicular to the electron beam
A

a. Effective focal spot

44
Q
  1. What is true of Stationary anode (life-focus principle)?
A

a. The effective focal spot is smaller and has sharper resolution

45
Q
  1. In the line-focus principle, what is smaller?
A

a. Effective focal spot

46
Q
  1. This provides a low-voltage current to heat the x-ray tube filament
A

a. Step-down transformer

47
Q
  1. This generates a high potential difference to accelerate electrons from the cathode to the anode
A

a. Step-up transformer

48
Q
  1. This is a electromagnetic device that either increases or decrease the voltage on a circuit
A

a. Transformer

49
Q
  1. What are the 3 types of transformers in an X-ray device?
A

a. Step-down
b. Step-up
c. Autotransformer

50
Q
  1. This is a filament transformer
A

a. Filament transformer

51
Q
  1. This is a high voltage transformer
A

a. Step-up

52
Q
  1. The step-down transformer is regulated by
A

a. mA switch

53
Q
  1. The step-up transformer is regulated by
A

a. kV setting

54
Q
  1. Increasing the number of electrons emitted
A

a. Increasing mA

55
Q
  1. Increasing the energy of the electrons traveling from the cathode to anode
A

a. Increasing kV

56
Q
  1. kV is associated with what?
A

a. High voltage, step-up transformer

57
Q
  1. mA is associated with what?
A

a. Low voltage, step-down transformer

58
Q
  1. This determines the amount of time the high voltage circuit is applied across the x-ray tube
A

a. Exposure time

59
Q
  1. This is the delay of 1⁄2 of a second to heat the filament
A

a. Time delay circuit

60
Q
  1. This is the actual time of exposure
A

a. Timing circuit

61
Q
  1. Few coils to many coils =
A

a. Step-up transformer

62
Q
  1. Many coils to few coils =
A

a. Step-down transformer

63
Q
  1. Low-voltage =
A

a. Step-down

64
Q
  1. High voltage =
A

a. Step-up

65
Q
  1. This controls the acceleration of electrons from the cathode to the anode
A

a. kV (kilovoltage)

66
Q
  1. This controls heating of the filament
A

a. mA (milliamperage)

67
Q
  1. This controls the time in which x-rays are produced
A

a. Exposure time

D2 Fall - Radiology (22 decks)

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