9 28 Anatomy-Table 1 Flashcards
what is a coelom
a hollow cavity
what are the 4 coelum of the body?
2 plural sacs, the paracardial sac, the peritoneium sac in the abdominum
what is mesothelium
simple squamus epithelium
is the GI tract in the Coelum?
no! because the fist is not in the balloon. or because the mesothelium is surrounding the GI track
what is peritoneium
it is mesothelium (describes the type of tissue) or it is the sac or coelom in the abdominal cavity
what is parietal
it is a “wall”
the pariatal peritonium
the peritoneum around the wall of the abdominal
mesentery peritoneum
the two layer region or double membrane that connects the GI tract to the parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall. formed when the GI tract pushes into the peritoneum.
visceral peritoneum
the peritoneium that is right around the GI tube!
what are the intraperitoneal organs
an organ that is covered in visceral peritoneal…pretty much the whole gi tract!
what organs are not projecting into the celomic cavity?
the duodenum (2-4), cecum, ascending colon, and descending colon.
what is a secondary retroparitoneal organ
they pushed into the peritoneal and then bent over and retracted back out of the peritoneal (withdrew out of the balloon and just touching the balloon now.)
how do we get blood to the GI tract?
they go inbetween the two layers of the mesentary!
what structures course through the Mesentary
arteries viens lymphatics and nerves
how do we innervate the parietal peritoneum?
intercostal nerves give somatic innervation
what types of pain are the peritoneum most sensitive?
vibration!
what provides innervation to the diaphagmatic pariatal paratinium?
the phrenic nerve from C3,C4,C5
why could the right shoulder hurt if spleen or galbladder is inflamed?
the diaphragmatic parital peritinium is inervated by C3,C4,C5! this is the one instance of somatic nerve refering to a somatic nerve!
what provides innervation to the visceral peritoneum?
visceral afferent neurons from the pre-aortic gangleon!
what are the three main components of the GI tract
the stomach; the small intestines and the large intestines.
what are the regions of the stomach?
the cardia; fundus; body (lesser and greater curvatures); gastric rugae; pylorus; lesser omentum; greater omentum.
what is the cardia
the portion ajacent to where the esophagus enters into the stomach; (it is closest to the heart)
what is the fundus?
the domed shaped portion near the top where gas can accumulate
the body of hte stomach? what is it?
the main part that has two curvatures and has gastric rugae or ridges that help to expand when we eat
what is the pylorus?
it is the ind of the stomach where the pyloric shpinctor is to keep the flow of food one-way
what is the lesser omentum
the mesentary that goes from the lesser to the liver: two components: the Hepatoduodenal ligament and the hepatogastric ligament depending on whether it is attached to the duodenal or the stomach.
what is behind the lesser omentum?
the epiploic foramen that leads to the lesser sac
Greater omentum…what the what?
has lymphnodes, adipose tissue and blood. It will encoumpus infection and provide lymph drainage where needed.
where does the greater omentum connect?
it conects to the bottom of the stomach and then loops back up to the transvers colon (apron like four layers)
What are the parts of the small intestine?
the duodenum, the jejunum, ilieum
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?
1: superior; 2: descending; 3: transverse; 4: ascending
1st part or the superior part fo the duodenum
the end of the stomach, the highest part, also the duodonum bulb or cap in x-ray images. It is smooth walled and inraperitoneial, and the place for duodenual ulcers
2nd or descending part of duodenum
the bile duct and the pancreatic duct connects here at the ampulla of vater, and right below this is the division of the forgut and midgut
3rd part or transverse duodenum
superior mesonteric artery and superior mesonteric vein that go over the top! vien always right and artery is left
4th or Ascending part
Ligament of treitz that goes from the diaphram and attaches to the end of the duodenum and start of the jejunum
the jejunum:
Upper left quadrent starts of the ligament of treitz and has numerous plicae circulaire (circular folds).
The Illium
Lower right quadrent: fewer circular folds, less absorption: peyer’s patches or dense lymphnoid patches to fight infection.
Large intestine has the following parts:
Cecum, ascending colon; transveerse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon; rectum/anus
Cecum description
blind ended pouch in the bottom right quadrent where the illium empties.
the appendix
the visidual off of the cecum
how to find the appendix?
find the ASIS (anterior superior illiac spine) and the Umbilicus, draw a line and about 1/3 the way is the mcburney’s point where the junction of the ilium and the the cecum
the ascending colon
the part in the right of the abdomen to the hepatic flexure or right colic flexure
the transverse colon
from the right colic flexure to the splenic flexure or left colic flexure
descending colon
from the left colic flexure to the left lower quadrent
Haustra
the small pouches of the colon caused by sacculation
the sigmoid
the curved section to the rectum
the rectum
the straight shot to the anus
the anus
the skeletal muscle that controls the output.
What are the accessory digestive glands?
Liver, Biliary tract, pancreaus
What are the parts of the liver
falsiform ligament, right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe, caudate lobe, porta hepatis
Falciform ligament
mesentary that seperates the right and left lobe, right at the bottom is the round ligament that houses the abliterated umbelical vein that brought oxygenated blood to the baby from mummy.
Right lobe
the largest
left lobe
the one on the other side of hte ligament
Quadrate lobe
looks like it has four sides formed form the Gall bladder and the ligament, and the porta hepatis (it is on the bottom of the liver.
Caudate lobe?
on the tale or back side of the liver above the porta hepatis
what are the three structures of hte porta hepatis on the bottom of the liver?
- bile ducts, 2. hepatic arteries, 3. Portal veins.
Bile ducts?
the biliary structure that takes bile from the liver and gallblader to the duodenum
hepatic arteries
bring oxygenated blood to the liver
portal vein
deoxygenated but nutient rich blood from the intestines
parts of the biliary tract
Hepatic ducts; common hepatic duct; gall bladder; cystic duct; common bile duct.
Hepatic ducts
the bile ducts inthe liver itself from the left and right (left and right hepatic ducts) these come together to form the common duct
gall bladder and path to the intestines
inferior surface of the liver, store and concentrate bile. When release colesystic kina hormone from the duodenum cause the release of bile to the cystic duct and then to the common bile duct and to the ampular vontar to the duadunum.
what are the two funcitons of the pancreus?
endocrine and exocrine
what is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
islets of langerhan Alpha and Beta for the Beta cells to secrete insulin
what is an Exocrine gland:
gland that secretes to an epithelial lined surface: such as the duodenum!
what are the paths of the enzymes out of the pancreus
the main and accessory pancreatic ducts.
