9 22 Anatomy-Table 1 Flashcards
What are the seven “shelves” of the abdominal wall?
Skin; Hypodermis; External muscle fascia; muscle and aponeuroses; internal muscle fasica; Extra-coelomic tissue.
Mesothelium lining the internal surface of the body cavity
Coelomic Sac
Layers of the abdominal wall composed of Epithelium with some connective tissue
Skin and Coelomic Sac
Layers of the abdominal wall composed of adipose and CT
Hypodermis and Extra-coelomic tissue
layers of the abdominal wall composed of dense connective tissue
External muscle fascia and internal muscle fascia
layers of the abdominal wall composed of skeletal muscle and some dense CT
Muscle and aponeuroses
how do we identify the left and right on an anotomical image?
it is just the left and right as you look at it.
the layer below the skin that is mostly fat
hypodermis
superficial layer of the hypodermis that is primarily adipose te\issue and fat
camper’s fascia
deepest layer of the hypodermis that is made of dense connective tissue
scarpa’s fascia
goes all the way around the abdominal wall, made of dense connective tissue and sub the hypodermis
External muscle fascia layer
external muscle fascia in the back of the abdomen
The acolumbar fascia
External muscle fascia in the side of the abdomen
fascia of external oblique
External muscle fascia in the front of the abdoment
blends with rectus sheath
what are the general muscle layers of the body wall as derived from the hypomere
ventral strap muscles; the 4-layered lateral wall muscles; subvertebral layer.
what are the first 2 layers of the body wall muscles in the abdomen
The external oblique: has a supracostal and bodywall muscles
what is the 3rd layer of body wall muscle in the abdomen called?
the internal oblique muscle
what is the fourth layerof the body wall muscles in the abdomen called
Transverse abdominis muscle; qudralus lumborum muscle (in the back)
what is the subvertebral layer muscle in the abdominal
psoas major muscle (there is a psoas minor muscle too!)
the internal muscle fascia beneath the abdominal muscles
transversalis fascia
the fascia continuous with the transversalis fascia but over the layer four muscle in the back
quadralus lumborum fascia
the fascia continuous with the transversalis fascia but over the subvertebral layer muscle
Psoas fascia
the fatty adipose and connective layer that is between the internal muscle fasia and coelomic sac
the extra-coelomic tissue
the extra-coelomic tissue that is just before the coelomic sac in the front
preperitonial fascia
The extra-coelomic tissue that is behind the coelomic sac in back
Retroperitoneal fascia
the mesothelium lining the abdominal body cavity
Coelomic sac
“pariatal pleura” of the abdominal cavity
coelomic sac
the layer of the coelomic sack on the side of the body wall
the parietal layer of the coelomic sac
The fold in the coelomic sack in the front of the abdominal wall
the median umbilical fold
The fold in the coelomic sck in the front of abdominal wall but on either side of the center line
th medial umbilical folds
the fold int the coelomic sack in the front of the abdominal wall but on either side of the medial line
Lateral umbilical folds
The parietal layer of the coelomic sac can been seen as the:
Parietal peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
what is the median umbilical fold surrounding?
the Urachus (obliterated umbelical)
what is the medial umbilical fold surrounding?
obliterated umbilical arteries
what is the lateral umbilical folds surrounding?
the inferior epigastric arteries and viens
What are the layers of the abdominal wall
Skin; Hypodermis (camper’s fasica, Scarpa’s fascia); External oblique and associated apenerousies; Internal oblique with associated apenerousies; Transverus abdominis muscles; transversalus fascia; Extra coelomic fascia or extra serousal fascia or extraperitoneal fascia (also known as preperitoneal, subperitoneal, or retroperitoneal fascia depending on location) the perietal peritonium
what happens to the transversus abdominis muscle as you go down the abdominal
it fuses with the transversalis fascia
located in the extraperitoneal fascia and space, not in the processus vaginalis
the testis
what happens as the testis is pulled down to form the scrotum
the abdominal wall layers come with it so that all of the layers exist in the scrotum
the extra space that is an extension of the peritoneal cavity into the scrotum
processus vagniatis
surrounds the testis with a little fluid
the processus vaginaitis
the canal that connects the testis with the abdominal wall
the inguinal canal
the outside opening of the canal that conects the testis with the abdominal wall
the superficial inguinal canal
the opening of the canal on the inside of the abdominal wall that connects the testis with the abdominal wall
The deep inguinal ring
the boundery of the inguinal canal
the layers of the abdominal wall
The layers of the abdominal wall in the inguenal areal
skin, dartos muscle/fascia; ext. spermatic fascia; inguinal ligament; cremaster muscle/fascia; internal spermatic fascia; tunica vaginalis; contents of the spermatic cord
what does the sublayer of the skin contribute to in the inguinal region
th dartos
what does the ext. oblique muscle/ aponeurosis become in the inguinal region?
the Ext. spermatic fascia
the inferior of the exterior oblique apenerousious that attaches to the anterior/superior iliac spine and goes down to the pubic bone.
The inguinal ligament
what does the int. oblique muscle become in the inguinal region?
the cremaster muscle fascia
what does the cremaster muscle do?
control the distance from the body for the testis to control the temp to keep it neer 34 degree C
what does the trans. abd. aponeurosis become in the ingunal?
nothing
what does the transversalis fascia become in the inguinal region?
internal spermatic fascia
what does the perietal peritonium become in the inguinal region
the tunica vaginalis
when would the periatla peritoneium and the tunica vaginalis be connected?
in a hernia, otherwise never connected!
what does the extraperitoneal fascia correspond to in the inguinal region
the contents of spermatic cord
what are the contents of the spermatic cord
the ductus deferens;
why is the ductus deferens have very smooth thick smooth muslce?
to move sperm at a fast rate
provides blood supply to the testis through the inguinal canal
Testicular artery
tranport blood from the testis out the inguinal canal
papiniform plexus of veins
provide innervation to the spermatic cord
illioinguinal nerve; and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
where does the illioinguinal nerve course
not through the deep inguinal ring but does go through the inguinal canal and out the superficial inguinal canal.
describe the dermitome inervation in the abdomen
IC nerve gives rise to the
where does the IC nerve course in the abdominal region
between the internal oblique and the transverse abdominus muscles.
what is the nerve called that couses in the abdominal segmentally between the internal oblique and the transverse abdominus muscles
ventral ramus
the branch of the ventral ramus that inervatest the lateral section of the skin of the abdomen
lateral cutaneous nerve
the branch of the ventral ramus in the front
anterior cutaneous branch
the majortiy of the hyposdermis layer that makes up the “beer belly”
the camper’s fascia
the deep for fibrous layer of hyperdermous that can be stitched
the scarpa’s fascia
the layer that covers the outside layer of the somatic muscle plane deep the hyperdermous
the external muscle fascia
Layers 1 and 2 of the abdominal wall
External oblique deep layer and superficial layer
the white line down the middle of the abdomon
the linea alba
the white connective tissue from the external oblique muscle to the linea alba
external oblique aponeurosis
layer three of the muscles in the abdominal wall
internal oblique muscle and internal oblique aponeurosis
what is layer four of the abdominal wall muscles?
the trans abdominis muscle.
the “six pack” muscles
the erectus abdominus muscle
the function of the abdominal wall muscles
lateral flexion, rotation, compress abdominal contents
the ventral strap muscles of the abdominal
the rectus abdominis muscle
the erectus abdominus muscle purpose:
flexion of the vetebral colomn
the white connective tissue down the middle of the abdominal wall
the rectus sheath
where does the apenerousus of the EO, the IO, TA course when above the arcuate line?
the EO is above, the IO splits to an anterior lamina and postier lamina above and below, and the TA below the erectus abdominus
the transition where the apenerouses course only in front of the erectus abdominus muscles
arcuate line
the internal muscle fascia just deep to the anterior abdominal wall muscles
Transversalis fascia
the Extra coelomic tissue layer of the anterior abdominal wall
the preperitoneal fascia
anchors the parietal paratanium to the body wall
the preperitoneal fascia
elevation in the pariatal paratanium for inferior epigastric arrtery and vien
Lateral umbilical folds
the vessels that course just outside the midline of the anterior abdominal wall.
Inferior epigastric vessels.
course up to the umbilicus, and is the obliterated umbelical arteries
Medial umbilical folds
from the bladder to the umbilicus right down the midline.
the median umbilical fold and the urachus
what carried urine from the fetal bladder to the umbilical cord?
the urachus
comes from the umbilicus goes between teh lobes of the liver, houses the round ligament of the liver
The falciform ligament
the fetal ruminant of the umbilical vein from mummy to the baby.
the round ligament of the liver.
the name of the hip bones
Os Coxa
the connection below the obturator foramen that connects the ischial tuberosity and the inferior pubic ramus
ischiopubic (conjoined ramus)
the hole at the bottom of the os coxa or coxal
obturator foramen
the large “wing at the top of the os coxa
ilium
the rounded superior edge of the os Coxa
illiac crest and fossa
The elongated ‘c’ shaped notch on the posterior of the oscoxa just below the ilium
greater sciatic notch
the notch that is at the anterior most point of the iliac crest
ant sup iliac spine (ASIS)
the smaller notch that is at the anterior bottom of the illium
ant inf iliac spine (AIIS)
the lower and back portion of the os coxal, below the ilium, the long thin protubrence at the bottom that includes the sitting bones
Ischium
thin connection between the ischial bone and the inferior pubic ramus
Ischial ramus
the sitting bone!
Ischial tuberosity
the notch on the medial side of the superor section of the ischium, below the greater sciatic notch
lesser sciatic notch
the bone that is anterior side of the os coxa, below the ilium
Pubis
The bony protuberance from the anterior most point of the pubic bone.
Pubic Tubercle
the three fused bones of the os coxa
Ilium; ischium; pubis
the top of the pubic bone near the pubic tubercle
Pubic crest
The upper body of the pubic
Superior pubic ramus
the connection between the two pubic bones
pubic symphysis
the lower body of the pubic bone that connects to the ishiam
inferior pubic ramus
the fused body of 5 vetebra that connects to the illium of the os coxa on either side.
sacrum
the top of the S1 bone that juts out a little towards the anterior.
promontory
The two lateral projections of the sacrum that seem like the fused transverse process of the vertebra.
ala
the canal down the S1-S5 vetebra where the vebebral colomn goes
sacral canal
the last few bones of the spinal colomn
coccyx
small triangle muscle at the base of the rectus abdominis muscles
pyramidalis muscle
the aponeuroses of the transversus abdominis, external and internal oblique.
rectus sheath
the upper section of the muscle on the outside of the side of the abdominal wall
supracostal layer. external oblique
the fascia that lines the internal muscle of the abdominal wall
internal investing fascia
the fascia that is just superficial to the extraperitoneal fat
transversalis fascia
a generic term for any fascia that lies internal to the parietal fascia and external to the visceral fascia
extraserosal fascia
the layer of fatty connective tissue just below the transversalis fascia and above the parietal peritoneum
extraperitoneal fat
aanother name for the parietal peritoneum
serosal sac
a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestines, pancreas, spleen and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen
mesentery
the inner layer of peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
the connective tissue from the anterior surface of the duodenum and the pancreas to the Greater omentum, divides the peritoneal cavity.
transverse mesocolon
The apron -like fold of peritoneum suspended form the greater crvature of the stomach and covering the anterior of the transverse colon
greater omentum
a double layered peritoneal structure connecting the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver (like the upper part of the greater omentum.
lesser omentum
The cranial section of the lesser omentum, extending between the liver and the stomach
hepatogastric ligament
what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain
the common bile duct, the portal vein and the proper hepatic artery.
part of the lesser omentum, connection between the stomach and the liver, contains the common bile duct, the portal vein and the proper hepatic artery
hepatoduodenal ligament
how is the peritoneal cavity divided
into the large greater sac and the small omental bursa (lesser sac)
The portion of the peritoneal cavity covered by the greater omentum, containing many of the organs of the peritoneal cavity
greater sac
The communication between the greater sac and the lesser sac
epiploic foramen
The small omental bursa behind the lesser omentum
lesser sac
the first section of the small intestine
duodenum
produces bile, rea cycle, protein and clotting factor production etc.
liver
stores the fat emulsifier
gall bladder
exocrine secretion of digestion, endocrine funtion to regulate glucose.
pancreas
contribute blood cells, and development of immune cells
spleen
The second section of the small intestine
jejunum
The last section of the small intestines before the large intestines
ilium
The first part of the large intestine and the location of the appendix
cecum
the small extension off of the cecum
appendix
the second division of the colon, as it rises
ascending colon
the third section of the colon
transverse colon
the forth section of the colon as it goes down
descending colon
the section of the colon between the descending colon and the rectum
sigmoid colon
the final section of the colon
rectum
What is a direct hernia
bowel herniates medial to the inferior epigastric artery
what ia an indirect hernia
bowel herniates lateral to the inferior epigastric artery through the deep inguinal ring into the inguinal canal; spermatic cord
what are langer’s lines?
cleavage lines, correspond to natural orientation of collagen fibers in dermis.
why would we cut as a surgeon along langer’s lines
the cut will heal better, when it follows langers lines in the connective tissue.
where do the nerves course in the abdominal wall muscles
between the IO and TA.
what is a apeneuroses
sheet of tendon tissue holding muscles
Where do the capillaries of the body wall muscles lie.
between the IO and the TA
the reflex that is caused by softly touching the ipsilaterial inner thigh
cremasteric reflex.
