10/7 Anatomy of retroperitoneal space

Question 1

The mesethelium lining the wall of the abdomen

Answer 1

the parietal peritoneum

Question 2

the double layer of paratanium that comes and surrounds the organs

Answer 2

the mesentary

Question 3

the organs of the retroparatanium

Answer 3

acronym SAD PUCKER
suprarenal glands
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (2-4)
Pancreas (head, neck and body)
Ureters
Colon
Kidney's
Esophagus
Rectum

Question 4

what are the characteristics of the retroparatanial organs.

Answer 4

have paratanium if they are not suspended by mesentary;
have only paratanium on the anterior surface
they lie betwee the paratanium and the posterier abdominal wall

Question 5

suprarenal glands also…

Answer 5

Adrenal glands

Question 6

the outside of the adrenal gland

Answer 6

adrenal cortex

Question 7

the embriological derivation of the adrenal cortex

Answer 7

intermediate mesoderm

Question 8

Gland found in the base of the brain

Answer 8

pituitary gland

Question 9

the layers of the adrenal cortex

Answer 9

(from outside in) Zona glomerulosa; Zona fisiculata; Zona reticularis

Question 10

secrete mineral corticoids like aldosterone to help regulate blood pressure

Answer 10

zona glomerulosa

Question 11

secretes glutocoids like cortisol

Answer 11

Zona fisiculata

Question 12

Secrete antrigens like DHA

Answer 12

zona reticularis

Question 13

the middle section of the adrenal gland

Answer 13

the adrenal medulla

Question 14

what is the derivation of the adrenal medula (embrio)

Answer 14

nural crest cells – they are really post-ganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies

Question 15

what does the medulla secrete

Answer 15

epinephrin or adrenilin or nor epinephrin

Question 16

Innervation of the adrenal medulla

Answer 16

the T12 level, through the ventral root and ramus, through the lesser splecnic to the corticol renal pre-ganglionic ganglion (don’t synapse) then to the adrenal medulla and then synapse to cause hormone release

Question 17

where is the aorta usually

Answer 17

just to the left of the midline

Question 18

the unpaired branches of the Aorta

Answer 18

celiac trunk (for-gut)
superior mesentaric artery (mid gut)
inferior mesentaric artery (hind gut)

Question 19

paired branches of the aorta

Answer 19

inferior phrenic
Renal arteries
gonadal arteries (inguinal canal in men)
lumbar arteries (like the intercostal, supply seg. the lowar back)
common iliac arteries (branch to the external illiac and the internal illiac arteries)

Question 20

where is the inferior phrenic arteries

Answer 20

just below the diaphram

Question 21

go through the inguinal ring and become the femeral arteries

Answer 21

external iliac arteries

Question 22

suply the pelvus and peritonium

Answer 22

internal iliac arteries

Question 23

what are the branches of the IVC

Answer 23

inferior phrenic
Hepatic veins (drain the liver)
renal veins (drain the kidney)
right gonadal vein
left gonadal vein (drains into the left renal vein!)
Lumbar veins (seg. for the lumbar)
ascending lumbar veins (go to the azogous system)
common illiac veins
interior and exterior iliacs

Question 24

tubular organs that drain the urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 24

ureters

Question 25

what part of the colon is retro-paratanial

Answer 25

Ascending colon the descending colon the rectum

Question 26

two organs that are considered infra paratanium

Answer 26

Uterus and the bladder (below the paratanium)

Question 27

3 opens in the diaphram

Answer 27

T12 -- Aorta T10-- Esophagus T8 -- IVC

Question 28

Muscle from the L1-L5 vetebra level to the femor

Answer 28

psoas major

Question 29

purpose of the psoas major

Answer 29

Hip flexor and vertebra flexor

Question 30

from the illiac facet to the femer

Answer 30

Illiacus

Question 31

purpose of the illiacus muscle

Answer 31

hip flexor

Question 32

the course of the iliopsoas muscles from

Answer 32

from the L1-L5 and from the Illiac crest under the inguinal ligament into the lesser tracanter and below the ligament they are the same muscle

Question 33

the muscle that is at the very back and middle of the retroparataneal space

Answer 33

quadralus lumborum muscle -- big stabalizer

Question 34

The branches of the the Lumbar Plexus

Answer 34

- Subcostal nerve - Iliohypogastric nerve - ilioinguinal nerve - genitofemoral nerve - lateral femoral cutaneous nerve - femoral nerve - obturator nerve - lumbosacral trunk

Question 35

Nerves off of the T12 level

Answer 35

Subcostal nerve

Question 36

Subcostal nerve purpose

Answer 36

innervates the body wall muscles and supplies the T12 dermatome

Question 37

nerves off of L1 level

Answer 37

iliohypogstric and ilioinguinal nerve

Question 38

nerves branch off of L1 and L2

Answer 38

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 39

Branch of nerve off of the L2 and L3 level

Answer 39

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 40

Branch of nerve off of the L2, L3, and L4 levels

Answer 40

The femoral nerve and the Obterator nerve

Question 41

branch of nerve from L4 and L5

Answer 41

the lumbosacral trunk

Question 42

supplies the body wall muscle and the lateral part of the L1 dermatome

Answer 42

iliohypogastric nerve

Question 43

courses through the inguinal canal and and the medial section of the L1 dermatome

Answer 43

ilioinguinal nerve

Question 44

inervates body mall muslce and the thigh just lateral the genitals

Answer 44

genitofemoral nerve

Question 45

supply the lateral surface of the thigh

Answer 45

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 46

supply sensory to the medial of the thigh and motor to the quads and sensory to the shin

Answer 46

Femoral nerve

Question 47

through the obtorator foramen and to skin just above the knee and medial and the abuctor muscles

Answer 47

obturator nerve